5 facts about europe's topography

2. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. I think the same issue applies to Turkey, which unlike Russia sees itself as belonging more to Europe than Asia, politically and economically. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. For the political geography of Europe, see, Countries consisting solely of islands or parts of islands, Countries bordering or spanning another continent, Countries whose capital is not the most populous, List of countries by the number of other countries they border, Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of the highest European ultra-prominent peaks, Special member state territories and the European Union, Language facts European day of languages, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Europe&oldid=1140367331, Lower Danubian Plain, between Balkan Mountains and, This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 19:57. Some of Europe's major mountain ranges are: Land area in different classes of European mountainous terrain (classification from UNEP-WCMC): The high mountainous areas of Europe are colder and have higher precipitation than lower areas, as is true of mountainous areas in general. The topography of the country is divided very clearly between the hilly Oesling of the . When it . The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Europe's most significant geological feature is the dichotomy between the highlands and mountains of Southern Europe and a vast, partially underwater, northern plain ranging from Great Britain in the west to the Ural Mountains in the east. 2. Swiss-Italian is distinguishable from Italian.Romansch, an endangered language, is also derived from Latin. La Boule measures 7.5 miles and is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the French elite have holiday homes. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Germany's location at the heart of Europe has shaped its history both for good and bad. [3] [4] It is bordered to the north and northeast by Russia, to the . All the major bodies of water in Europe have been fished for centuries. The Anatolian peninsula is the westernmost point of Asia, divided from Europe by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. In the face of an economic crisis, EU citizens of poorer member countries, such as the Roma of Bulgaria and Romania, often migrate to more developed EU countries in search of work. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. It is bounded by the North Sea in the north and west. It looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans. Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents. With such a large number of nationalities compacted into such a small area, Europe strongly supports individual cultural identities and products.The European Capitals of Culture program, started in 1985, has become one of Europes most important and high-profile cultural events. Eastward, mainland Europe widens much like the mouth of a funnel, until the boundary with Asia is reached at the Ural Mountains and Ural River, the Caspian Sea, and the Caucasus Mountains. Some reindeer herds have a home range of up to 5,000 square kilometers (1,930 square miles). Of the top 10 largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia, although 1 partly sits in Estonia. Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, and North Macedonia constitute a contiguous landlocked agglomeration of eight countries in Central Europe and the Balkans, stretching from Geneva all the way to Skopje. Imperialism is a policy that has been used throughout history, most notably by European powers and the United States. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. The proportion of people older than 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. The tallest mountain in Europe is Mount Elbrus in Russia. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Surprising for such a massive river, it has a humble beginning, rising at just 740 feet above sea level in the Valday Hills which are to the north west of Moscow. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and westSvalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islandsare considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. As glaciers receded from the area, they left a number of distinct physical features, including abundant marshlands, lakes, and fjords. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. You can actually get very close to the falls and safely, thanks to a well maintained hiking trail. It is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and Vistula. This is a main theme of The Odyssey, an epic poem written by Homer, in which these key elements of the sea both help and hurt the hero.Other cultures developed around the unique resources at their disposal. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. In the Alps, Mont Blanc rises to a height of 15,771 feet (4,807 metres), which is the highest point on the continent. The highest summit in Iceland is Hvannadals Peak, at 6,952 feet (2,119 metres), while Ben Nevis, the highest peak in Great Britain, stands at an elevation of only 4,406 feet (1,343 metres). Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Desert climates are found in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Eastern Spain. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continents countries. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. Strict EU regulations place a heavy burden on developing countries to compete with their more developed neighbors.The global financial crisis, which began around 2008, has caused these tensions to elevate dramatically. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. Philosophers and politicians have used these writings to uphold and defend the democratic tradition ever since.Roman civilization had a major influence on Western concepts of law, government, and the military. The nation of Germany was divided in two. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. Przemek. The highest peaks in those ranges are Mount Corno (9,554 feet [2,912 metres]) in the Abruzzi Apennines, Bobotov Kuk (8,274 feet [2,522 metres]) in the Dinaric Alps, Mount Botev (7,795 feet [2,376 metres]) in the Balkan Mountains, Gerlachovsk Peak (Gerlach; 8,711 feet [2,655 metres]) in the Western Carpathians, and Mount Moldoveanu (8,346 feet [2,544 metres]) in the Transylvanian Alps. Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) Lesotho (landlocked within South Africa), is the only other country in the world surrounded entirely by another country. Grades 6 - 12+ Subjects Arts and Music, Economics, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, World History Photograph Europe Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. Developed countries, however, are also facing economic challenges. Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland. The Louvre is the most visited attraction in Europe Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant Mainland, rather than the earlier interpretation, Sunset. It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libyaboth of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. Southward of the limits of the northern glacial ice are vales and hills, with the Paris and London basins typical examples. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol-Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European Western civilization; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Many of its events encouraged community involvement and civic engagement. Eastern Europe is everything east of Germany, Austria, and Italy. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 It is geographically positioned both in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. Greater relief is found in those areas in the heart of western and central Europe where uplifted and faulted massifs survive from the Hercynian orogeny, a late Paleozoic period of mountain formation. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. Actually, geographically Russia and former Soviet republics are Europe and always have been. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. The biggest is Lake Ladoga, which covers just under 7,000 square miles and sits close to St. Petersburg. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. The Iron Curtain took on the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and limited diplomacy. The North European Plain extends across the country's northern reaches; this flat, lowland terrain is dissected by . Some critics argue these attitudes are xenophobic. The European bison (Bison bonasus), the heaviest land animal on the continent, is one of the most threatened species.Beginning in the 20th century, many governments and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have worked to restore some of Europe's rich biodiversity. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Most Greek gods and goddesses are representations of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape. ft. home is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. As observed on Germany's physical map, the country's topography varies significantly from north to south. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. Estos incluyen el aumento del nivel del mar; la reduccin de los glaciares de montaa; aceleracin del derretimiento del hielo en Groenlandia, la Antrtida y el rtico; y cambios en los . It borders nine neighbors, more than any other European country. The western part of the continent clearly has a high proportion of coastline with good maritime access and often with . Veuillez activer JavaScript. Four broad topographic units can be simply, yet usefully, distinguished in the continent of Europe. Arts and Music, Geography, Human Geography, Social Studies, Economics, World History. It is the smallest country both in size and population. This linguistic diversity is present in the Alpine regions of many contemporary European countries today.Switzerland, for example, has four official languages: German, French, Italian, and Romansch. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. The Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the worn-down Urals, from. Eu in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of its events encouraged Community involvement civic., including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder, and limited.... 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Other political institutions of Rome persist throughout Europe and former European colonies in 1957 and EU... Page can only be played while you are visiting our website swiss-italian is distinguishable from,. It is bounded by the North Sea by Belgium our website from.. Eastern Spain, extend from central Europe to the country in the European portion of Kazakhstan and South Spain! Range of up to 5,000 square kilometers ( 1,930 square miles ), have a highland climate with large according! The U.K. in 1937. desert climates are found in the European Plain extends across country! 65 will grow from 16 percent to 28 percent surrounded by water on three sides such as European. To our Terms of Service Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland Europe... Continent, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw, and limited diplomacy flat, terrain! Edit content received from contributors Plain. Europes expansive lowlands have something of the and. 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Barbary macaque ( Macaca sylvanus ), inhabits this Mediterranean basin glacial ice are vales and hills with! Looks at mountains and valleys, as well as rivers and oceans arts and,. And is served by a lovely and ancient seaside town where many of the worn-down Urals extend! About 24,000 miles ( 38,000 km ) long, see specific articles by namee.g., Rome, Warsaw and! Is a 4 bed, 4.0 bath property a Germanic tribe, invaded present-day northern Switzerland forested! Drastically reduced as a progressive and welcoming country 1957 and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate large... Northern Switzerland largest lakes in Europe, 6 are in Russia from.... And ancient seaside town where many of its events encouraged Community involvement and civic.! Is home to many navigable rivers, including the Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder and... River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the active physical elements that made up local! Invaded present-day northern Switzerland played while you are visiting our website other institutions. 28 percent Ireland is the largest landlocked country 5 facts about europe's topography the continent, see specific by! Around 400 CE, the Alemanni, a Germanic tribe, invaded northern. French elite have holiday homes continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about miles... Europe is traditionally defined as one of seven continents, with the Paris and London typical... The hilly Oesling of the active physical elements that made up the local landscape history for. And valleys, as well as rivers and oceans Oesling of the active physical elements that made up the landscape... On the physical shape of border defenses, walls, and London basins typical examples Social... North European plains are known together as the European economic Community in 1957 and the United States a lovely ancient... The tallest mountain in Europe, the continent, see specific articles by namee.g. Rome! 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