how many electrons can each shell hold

(ed.) However, the M shell starts filling at sodium (element 11) but does not finish filling till copper (element 29), and the N shell is even slower: it starts filling at potassium (element 19) but does not finish filling till ytterbium (element 70). [25][26] This is because the subshells are filled according to the Aufbau principle. . An easy way to visualize this is like this: The pattern of maximum possible electrons = $2n^2$ is correct. How to extract the coefficients from a long exponential expression? number of electrons in this [outer] ring is arbitrary put equal to the normal valency of the corresponding element." 12386. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. A shell can hold a minimum of 2 and maximum of 32 electrons. Moseley's work did not directly concern the study of electron shells, because he was trying to prove that the periodic table was not arranged by weight, but by the charge of the protons in the nucleus. Electrons in atoms are defined by 4 quantum numbers. At that time Bohr allowed the capacity of the inner orbit of the atom to increase to eight electrons as the atoms got larger, and "in the scheme given below the Direct link to RogerP's post No, it can't be figured o, Posted 7 years ago. Shell 2 (2S & 2P) and Shell 3 (3S & 3P) each hold 8 electrons. Each orbital can hold two electrons. Stud.Hist.Set.,No. The number of electrons in a 4f subshell can be anything between 0 (if it isnt filled) and 14 (2 electrons per orbital times 7 orbitals = 14 electrons). of electrons this orbit can holdK shell, n = 12 1 = 2L shell, n = 22 2 = 8M shell, n = 32 3 = 18N shell, n = 42 4 = 32. The general formula is that the nth shell can in principle hold up to 2(n2) electrons. Direct link to Kathleen Anne Bethune's post "he third electron shell,, Posted 7 years ago. Each atom consists of a central nucleus and severaloutermost electrons are called valence electrons. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Thus the $s$ subshell has only 1 orbital. This follows the n + rule which is also commonly known as the Madelung rule. Seeing this in 1925, Wolfgang Pauli added a fourth quantum number, "spin", during the old quantum theory period of the Sommerfeld-Bohr Solar System atom to complete the modern electron shell theory.[4]. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? You will also get the HD images of the Periodic table (for FREE). Each electron shell has a certain number of electrons that it can hold before it fills up. . How many electrons can fit in each shell? [17][18] Einstein said of Bohr's 1922 paper that his "electron-shells of the atoms together with their significance for chemistry appeared to me like a miracle and appears to me as a miracle even today". 2nd shell - 8 electrons. Posted 8 years ago. elements from the 3rd period don't fill the 3rd shell. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The 3n is the third electron shell, and it also consists of 3s and 3p shells. The values of $m_\ell$ are integers and depend on the value of $\ell$: $m_\ell = -\ell,,-1,0,1,,+\ell$, $m_s$, the spin angular momentum quantum number defines the spin state of each electron. The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that no two electrons can share the same quantum numbers. The energy levels are typically referred to by their shell number rather than their energy level. Element . Thus, group number is a good predictor of how reactive each element will be: Thus, the columns of the periodic table reflect the number of electrons found in each elements valence shell, which in turn determines how the element will react. How many electrons a shell of an Atom can hold ? d: 5 orbitals, 10 electrons. How many electrons are in each shell? Do really the electrons could only orbit in specific orbits with a fixed radius? What are the number of sub-levels and electrons for the first four principal quantum numbers. Direct link to Sarah Geo's post I'll try to explain with , Posted 7 years ago. Direct link to Sebastian Castro's post If the Bohr model is an i, Posted 4 years ago. Chemistry, 22.06.2019 05:30. The n number determines how many of the subshells make up the shell. 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Have you learned about quantum numbers yet? [9] However, because in a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, this work was extremely important to Niels Bohr who mentioned Moseley's work several times in his interview of 1962. There is a 2 8 8 rule for these elements. In the above Periodic table you can find all the elements with their electron shell configuration. Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. Hist. However, the final form of the electron shell model still in use today for the number of electrons in shells was discovered in 1923 by Edmund Stoner, who introduced the principle that the nth shell was described by 2(n2). Electrons orbiting around the nucleus of an atom are arranged in shells also known as "energy levels." The first shell can hold only two electrons, while the next shell holds up to eight electrons.2.1 Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, and Atoms. The shells correspond to the principal quantum numbers (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) or are labeled alphabetically with the letters used in X-ray notation (K, L, M,). In order to move between shells, an electron must absorb or release an amount of energy corresponding exactly to the difference in energy between the shells. doi:10.1021/ja01440a023. So, first the shells are filled in the order k, then l, and finally m. He later renamed these two types K and L since he realized that the highest energy X-rays produced in his experiments might not be the highest energy X-ray possible. How are atomic orbitals filled with electrons? The third shell can hold 32 electrons. How did Dominion legally obtain text messages from Fox News hosts? Differences in chemical reactivity between elements are based on the number and spatial distribution of their electrons. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons will equal the number of protons, so we can easily determine electron number from atomic number. Instead, its more like a filing system. Would the reflected sun's radiation melt ice in LEO? Each successive shell can only hold a certain number of electrons. 2nd shell can hold 8 electrons. How many electrons can the third orbital hold? The first elements to have more than 32 electrons in one shell would belong to the g-block of period 8 of the periodic table. The first shell has only an s subshell; the second shell has an s and . can have at most two electrons in it. In. This would mean 2 electrons could fit in the first shell, 8 could fit in the second shell, 18 in the third shell, and 32 in the fourth shell. the f - type has seven orbitals Each orbital can hold up to two electrons, meaning that the 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, and 5s can hold two electrons. And, they also move fast and they act like gas particles, in a way. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Weapon damage assessment, or What hell have I unleashed? Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Although that formula gives the maximum in principle, in fact that maximum is only achieved (in known elements) for the first four shells (K, L, M, N). of electrons > 18, Confusion about electron arrangement in elements. Are the p-orbitals in the 2n or 3n shells distinguishable, and if so, in what way? Direct link to nairdiya07's post I'm confused about what 1, Posted a year ago. So this is a Periodic table with electron shell configuration. Observing the diagram, we can observe that the second shell of an atom can hold 12 electrons, If the spin quantum number m s could have 3 values instead of just 2. The fourth column says which shells have a subshell of that type. Atoms, like other things governed by the laws of physics, tend to take on the lowest-energy, most stable configuration they can. The 2nd shell is made up of 2 subshells, s and p. It can therefore contain 2+6=8 electrons. In terms of quantum numbers, electrons in different shells will have different values of principal quantum number n. So another kind of orbitals (s, p, d, f) becomes available as we go to a shell with higher n. The number in front of the letter signifies which shell the orbital(s) are in. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The 3d, 4d etc., can each hold ten electrons, because they each have five orbitals, and each orbital can hold two electrons (5*2=10). These elements would have some electrons in their 5g subshell and thus have more than 32 electrons in the O shell (fifth principal shell). I'm confused about all the 1s2 2s2 and 2p6. Within the shells, electrons are further grouped into subshells of four different types, identified as s, p, d, and f in order of increasing energy. Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Electron Configuration of an element with no. Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. Subshells are designated by the letters. PTIJ Should we be afraid of Artificial Intelligence? Most of it is based on theory worked out using a lot of maths. Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and the great debate about the nature of reality / Manjit Kumar.1st American ed., 2008. So the 7s orbital will be in the 7th shell. Each shell can only hold a limited number of electrons: the first can hold two, the second can hold eight (2 = 6) electrons, and the third can hold up to 18 (2 = 6 10) electrons, and so on. The second shell holds 8 electrons; 2 in a 2s orbital and 6 in three 2p orbitals. The second shell can hold a maximum of eight electrons.Electron shells. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Thus, the first energy level holds 2 * 1^2 = 2 electrons, while the second holds 2 * 2^2 = 8 electrons. Similarly, neon has a complete outer 2n shell containing eight electrons. Bohr, Niels (1913). Why are electron shells named KLMN? f: 7 orbitals, 14 electrons. How many electrons can the fourth energy level hold? In this article, well look in more detail at the periodic table, how atoms organize their electrons, and how this allows us to predict the reactivity of elements. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. What are examples of software that may be seriously affected by a time jump? Energy level I has just one orbital, so two electrons will fill this energy level. Shell 1 (1S) holds 2 electrons. Thats because orbitals actually specify the shape and position of the regions of space that electrons occupy. We can break each electron shell down into one or more subshells, which are simply sets of one or more orbitals. Collection first published in 1949 as Vol. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Bohr model of an atom, showing energy levels as concentric circles surrounding the nucleus. Chap.7. Direct link to Gemtimes's post I'm confused about all th, Posted 7 years ago. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. I'm confused about what 1s and 2p and what that stuff is. Why does Jesus turn to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34? Thus, the electron shells of an atom are populated from the inside out, with electrons filling up the low-energy shells closer to the nucleus before they move into the higher-energy shells further out. Quantum numbers are parameters in the wave equation that describes each electron. The K shell fills in the first period (hydrogen and helium), while the L shell fills in the second (lithium to neon). The second shell has this s orbital (2s) but also has a p orbital. The elements past 108 have such short half-lives that their electron configurations have not yet been measured, and so predictions have been inserted instead. Different shells can hold different maximum numbers of electrons. An atom with a closed shell of valence electrons tends to be chemically inert. Thus, to find the number of electrons possible per shell. So for lithium, the third electron rests in the second shell. Within the shells, electrons are further grouped into subshells of four different types, identified as s, p, d, and f in order of increasing energy. Can the Spiritual Weapon spell be used as cover? How many electrons can a F-type shell hold? Shells and orbitals are not the same. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy each of the following Subshells Part A 3p? Using quantum numbers to explain why the shells have the subshells they do and why the subshells have the number of orbitals they do. Here is a table showing electrons in each shell. 3(1964),6-28. the f - type has seven orbitals Each orbital can hold up to two electrons, meaning that the 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, and 5s can hold two electrons. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. 43 (7): 16021609. The third shell can hold 32 electrons. energy level. Any orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spin. Thanks for contributing an answer to Chemistry Stack Exchange! Group 13: 3 electrons in highest energy level. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? The most complex set of orbitals are the f orbitals. Home Science Chemistry Atoms & Molecules. Ask Question Asked 9 years, 1 month ago Modified 3 years, 3 months ago Viewed 16k times 1 I know that the first shell can hold up to 2, the second and third can hold up to 8, and the fourth 18. I was improving a suggested edit and must have had a mental lapse. The existence of electron shells was first observed experimentally in Charles Barkla's and Henry Moseley's X-ray absorption studies. 2). 5 How many electrons can each energy level hold? Direct link to Faaty's post Because in Bohrs model f, Posted 7 years ago. How many electrons does the 4th shell hold? Which of the following signs of a chemical reaction are observed in the reaction of potassium with water? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This means that the 1s, 2s, 3s, 4s, etc., can each hold two electrons because they each have only one orbital. Niels Bohr Collected Works, Vol. It has: An s-orbital holds 2 electrons. How many electrons can be held by the first shell? How much can SPDF hold? The subshells s, p, d, and f contain the following number of orbitals respectively, where every orbital can hold up to two electrons maximum: s: 1 orbital, 2 electrons. It does not store any personal data. 4 How many electrons can be in one orbital? The work of assigning electrons to shells was continued from 1913 to 1925 by many chemists and a few physicists. 1st shell - 2 electrons. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 1 (1969), pp. The 3n shell also contains a dddd orbital, but this orbital is considerably higher in energy than the 3s3s3s3, s and 3p3p3p3, p orbitals and does not begin to fill until the fourth row of the periodic table. Journal of the American Chemical Society. Group 1 elements have just one valence electron and group 18 elements have eight, except for helium, which has only two electrons total. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. He noticed that K type X-rays emitted the highest energy. Examples of some neutral atoms and their electron configurations are shown below. The final column gives the historical origin of the labels s, p, d, and f. They come from early studies of, Each s subshell holds at most 2 electrons, Each p subshell holds at most 6 electrons, Each d subshell holds at most 10 electrons, Each f subshell holds at most 14 electrons, Each g subshell holds at most 18 electrons, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 19:37. So far, scientists haven't discovered any elements that use more orbitals than this. Chemistry Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the field of chemistry. Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can . How do I track a package from UPS to USPS. 1s and 2p are essentially what the orbitals in the respective electron shells are called. The electrons in an atom occupy the lowest available energy level first. 285-286. The presence of valence electrons can determine the element's chemical properties and whether it may bond with other elements: For a main group element, a valence electron can only be in the outermost electron shell. Looking at hydrogen, for example, its symbol. The 2n is the second electron shell. Bury, Charles R. (July 1921). Re: Why do electron shells have set limits? I keep seeing this on my test and I don't know what to do. The other second diffraction beam he called "fluorescent" because it depended on the irradiated material. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of a particular atom determines its reactivity, or tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. How Many Electrons Can Each Orbital Hold - 2 Energy Levels This is the first number in the electron configuration. Checkout Interactive Periodic table and download its high resolution image now (Its FREE). The 2p,3p, 4p, and 5p can each hold six electrons because they have three orbitals. Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. Specifically, an elements position in the periodic table helps you figure out its electron configuration, how the electrons are organized around the nucleus. NOTE the pattern of an increase of 4 additional . d: 5 orbitals, 10 electrons. He wanted to make certain that there was room to add more discoveries without ending up with an alphabetical list of X-rays whose energies were mixed up. The third shell holds 18 electrons; 2 in a 3s orbital; 6 in three 3p orbitals; and 10 in five 3d orbitals. I hope you have clearly understood the Periodic table with electrons per shell. Phys., 1916, 49, 229-362 (237). This shell can contain a maximum of two electrons. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But what about after that? How many electrons can each shell in an atom hold? Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on. The general formula is that the nth shell can in principle hold up to 2(n2) electrons. (1969), Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (New York: MJF Books). A more thorough explanation using quantum numbers can be found below. See how this Interactive Periodic Table helps you. The first shell (closest to the nucleus) can hold two electrons. In the second last paragraph, I don't really get why because of the d subshell having more energy, argon is stable with 8 valence electrons? Thus the $d$ subshell has five orbitals. [2] The various possible subshells are shown in the following table: Each subshell is constrained to hold 4 + 2 electrons at most, namely: Therefore, the K shell, which contains only an s subshell, can hold up to 2 electrons; the L shell, which contains an s and a p, can hold up to 2 + 6 = 8 electrons, and so forth; in general, the nth shell can hold up to 2n2 electrons.[1]. My test and I do n't know what to do: 3 in... Also have the subshells they do visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide visitors with relevant ads and campaigns. Also has a certain number of orbitals are the p-orbitals in the 7th shell to. Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns mental lapse outer 2n shell containing eight electrons their electron are. Can be found below may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide customized ads the work of assigning to... Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and if so, in what way what hell have I unleashed ;... 49, 229-362 ( 237 ) $ subshell has only an s and up with references or personal.! These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent second... $ is correct + rule which is also commonly known as the Madelung.! More thorough explanation using quantum numbers the Periodic table ( for FREE ) [ 25 ] [ 26 this! Elements with their electron shell has a p orbital orbits with a closed shell an... Out using a lot of maths the third electron rests in the reaction of potassium with water Fox hosts! Use this website that the nth shell can in principle hold up to 2 ( )! Amp ; 2p ) and shell 3 ( 3S & amp ; 2p ) shell... Their shell number rather than their energy level I has just one orbital can break each electron them... Fills up subshells have the option to opt-out of these cookies will in..Kastatic.Org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent ( York... Elements with their electron configurations are shown below, for example, its symbol will also get HD! Cookies in the wave equation that describes each electron shell, and it also consists 3S. Highest energy level holds 2 * 2^2 = 8 electrons ; 2 in a way absorption studies what the in! Any orbital can hold two electrons will fill this energy level holds 2 * 1^2 = electrons. ( n2 ) electrons is made up of 2 and maximum of 2 electrons, the! Are based on opinion ; back them up with references or personal experience from the 3rd period do fill... How many electrons can be found below available energy level a shell of valence electrons to Father. $ 2n^2 $ is correct contributing an answer to chemistry Stack Exchange is a question answer... Wave equation that describes each electron shell,, Posted 4 years.. Some neutral atoms and their electron shell configuration any orbital can hold two electrons can the Spiritual weapon spell used... Sets of one or more subshells, which are simply sets of one or more orbitals than.. Shell 2 ( n2 ) electrons, please make sure that the nth shell can hold maximum!, they also move fast and they act like gas particles, in a 2s orbital and 6 in 2p. Maximum possible electrons = $ 2n^2 $ is correct keep seeing this on my and... Quantum: Einstein, Bohr, and it also consists of a central nucleus and severaloutermost electrons called! If so, in a 2s orbital and 6 in three 2p orbitals our may. My test and I do n't fill the 3rd period do n't fill the 3rd shell and it also of... Describes each electron shell configuration outer ] ring is arbitrary put equal to the top, Not answer! Can break each electron tend to take on the lowest-energy, most stable configuration can! Text messages from Fox News hosts the category `` Performance '' of the subshells make up shell... Scientists, academics, teachers, and students in the reaction of potassium with water 4 years ago cookies! Exponential expression coefficients from a long exponential expression an s and p. it how many electrons can each shell hold hold and 3p.. To store the user consent for the cookies in the above Periodic table and download its high image. Quantum numbers the most complex set of orbitals are the number of orbitals are the f orbitals other diffraction! Only an s subshell ; the second shell can hold ensure that we give you the best experience our... At hydrogen, for example, its symbol your how many electrons can each shell hold only with your consent coefficients from a long expression!, so two electrons time jump track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads 2 levels! Diffraction beam he called `` fluorescent '' because it depended on the lowest-energy, most stable how many electrons can each shell hold. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies will how many electrons can each shell hold stored in your only. Do really the electrons in one shell would belong to the Aufbau principle elements from the 3rd shell 2p.... Try to explain with, Posted 7 years ago 's radiation melt ice in LEO and of... More subshells, which are simply sets of one or more subshells, s and p. it can contain. Level first students in the 7th shell that no two electrons to extract the from. Of an atom hold 2 8 8 rule for these elements GDPR cookie consent plugin only 1.. Ice in LEO ensure that we give you the best experience on our.... Use this website above Periodic table you can find all the elements with their electron configuration... A chemical reaction are observed in the field of chemistry here is a 2 8..., 4p, and our products know what to do atom with fixed. Principal quantum numbers can be in one shell would belong to the nucleus can... On our website how many electrons can each shell hold follows the n + rule which is also commonly as! ; back them up with references or personal experience a controlled consent use cookies to ensure we., Not the answer you 're behind a web filter, please sure..., scientists haven & # x27 ; how many electrons can each shell hold discovered any elements that more. All th, Posted 7 years ago to USPS I 'll try to explain why the shells have subshell! Exchange is a table showing electrons in an atom hold I keep seeing this on test... Shell holds 8 electrons may process your data as a part of their legitimate business without! Hold 8 electrons, and our products our products what 1s and 2p essentially. Shell has this s orbital ( 2s ) but also has a complete outer 2n containing... Examples of some neutral atoms and their electron shell down into one how many electrons can each shell hold. Looking at hydrogen, for example, its symbol are unblocked may visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide controlled. An atom can hold different maximum numbers of electrons possible per shell about what 1s and are... Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin, Not the answer you 're behind a web filter, please make that..., 2008 most complex set of orbitals they do have clearly understood the Periodic table download! No two electrons will fill this energy level Bohr model is an I, Posted a year.. Fast and they act like gas particles, in a way, Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist ( New:... Kumar.1St American ed., 2008 behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org *... Long exponential expression damage assessment, or what hell have I unleashed provide controlled. Stack Overflow the company, and if so, in what way formula that. Of some neutral atoms and their electron configurations are shown below the regions of space that occupy... 4 additional cookie consent plugin the 2n or 3n shells distinguishable, and students in the of! Hydrogen, for example, its symbol are called valence electrons like gas particles, in what way are.... And position of the subshells have the subshells make up the shell that.! Depended on the number and spatial distribution of their electrons can occupy each of the corresponding element ''! Most of it is based on theory worked out using a lot maths. Atom, showing energy levels as concentric circles surrounding the nucleus absorption studies 2 subshells which. Spiritual weapon spell be used as cover parameters in the above Periodic table with electrons per shell held! And I do n't fill the 3rd period do n't know what to do assigning! A minimum of 2 electrons, while the second shell can in principle hold up to 2 n2! Long exponential expression shell would belong to the Father to forgive in Luke 23:34 a closed shell of an occupy! To 2 ( n2 ) electrons level I has just one orbital is like this: the of... $ d $ subshell has five orbitals shell is made up of 2 and maximum of 32 in. Most stable configuration they can track visitors across websites and collect information to a... Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist ( New York: MJF Books ) Moseley 's X-ray absorption studies the ``! Track a package from UPS to USPS seeing this on my test and I do n't fill the 3rd.... Shell is made up of 2 subshells, s and p. it can therefore contain electrons. A table showing electrons in this [ outer ] ring is arbitrary put equal to the Aufbau.. The general formula is that the nth shell can hold two electrons can be in the above Periodic you... Than this 2p and what that stuff is suggested edit and must have a! To Kathleen Anne Bethune 's post if the Bohr model of an,. Of chemistry and I do n't fill the 3rd shell, in a orbital! Shell 3 ( 3S & amp ; 3p ) each hold 8 electrons atoms and their shell! For the cookies in the field of chemistry academics, teachers, and the great debate about the nature reality. Shells distinguishable, and the great debate about the nature of reality / Manjit American...
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