Home / Vulnerabilities / High / Basic Authorization over HTTP. List of Vulnerabilities. This is particularly beneficial for small and medium-sized businesses that dont have dedicated security staff. Basic authentication sends username and password in plain text. One of the best functionality in ZAP is its scripting capabilities. Schema validation enforces constraints and syntax defined by the schema. Rule: TLS must be used to authenticate the service provider to the service consumer. As we use reCAPTCHA, you need to be able to access Google's servers to use this function. Record your progression from Apprentice to Expert. You may want to consider creating a redirect if the topic is the same. There are a few issues with HTTP Basic Auth: The password is sent over the wire in base64 encoding (which can be easily converted to plaintext). Generally, using basic authentication is not a good solution. The enterprise-enabled dynamic web vulnerability scanner. Rule: Enforce the same encoding style between the client and the server. Actions To Take In this section, we'll look at some of the most common authentication mechanisms used by websites and discuss potential vulnerabilities in them. I included a python script which can automate the entire scanning process. For example: you can pass authentication url, target urls, username or password field, etc from the context menu. For more information on how to do this properly see the Transport Layer Protection Cheat Sheet. The problem gets worse if you want to integrate with your CICD pipeline. After the basic authentication hackazon app will send an authorization token in the JSON response body. Rule: SOAP Messages size should be limited to an appropriate size limit. Rule : If used, Basic Authentication must be conducted over TLS , but Basic Authentication is not recommended because it discloses secrets in plan text (base64 . Some vulnerabilities are broadly applicable across all of these contexts, whereas others are more specific to the functionality provided. Logic flaws or poor coding in the implementation allow the authentication mechanisms to be bypassed entirely by an attacker. Deprecation of Basic Authentication in Exchange Online, Internet Crime Report 2021, Internet Crime Complaint Center. Free, lightweight web application security scanning for CI/CD. ZAP will first do basic authenticate to the /api/auth endpoint. Conceptually at least, authentication vulnerabilities are some of the simplest issues to understand. See how our software enables the world to secure the web. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a given user or client. We will use ZAP context to configure the applications profile. Therefore, robust authentication mechanisms are an integral aspect of effective web security. Data elements meant to be kept confidential must be encrypted using a strong encryption cipher with an adequate key length to deter brute-forcing. First, lets analyse our target and take a look at how the authentication works for Hackazon API. Ideally, any administrative capabilities would be in an application that is completely separate from the web services being managed by these capabilities, thus completely separating normal users from these sensitive functions. However, they can be among the most critical due to the obvious relationship between authentication and security. We will look more closely at some of the most common vulnerabilities in the following areas: Note that several of the labs require you to enumerate usernames and brute-force passwords. To protect your APIs (or gym bags) you must make sure your developers implement a strong authentication "lock" that follows the recent standards, such as the OWASP authentication cheat sheet. 2021. By using this website you agree with our use of cookies to improve its performance and enhance your experience. Our own research found that more than 99 percent of password spray attacks leverage the presence of Basic Authentication. Get help and advice from our experts on all things Burp. Due to malfunctioning or while under attack, a web service may required too much resources, leaving the host system unstable. Save time/money. The authentication script will be tied with the context defined earlier. Copyright 2021 - CheatSheets Series Team - This work is licensed under a, Insecure Direct Object Reference Prevention, Cross Site Scripting Prevention Cheat Sheet, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. For our case, we just need the authentication url. In simple words the API Gateway throttling takes all API requests from a client, determines which services are needed, and combines them into a unified, seamless . We have also worked with partners to help our mutual customers turn off Basic Authentication and implement Modern Authentication. To explain Excessive Data Exposure, I would like to share with you a story about Ron. Join our community Slack and read our weekly Faun topics , We help developers learn and grow by keeping them up with what matters. The problem gets worse if you want to integrate with your CICD pipeline. Want to track your progress and have a more personalized learning experience? It is a key part of security for any website or application. Once the scan is completed you will see the following results: You can also include this scan in your CI pipeline. We will need another httpsender script to add this token to each subsequent requests. Finally, we'll provide some basic guidance on how you can ensure that your own authentication mechanisms are as robust as possible. In the context of a website or web application, authentication determines whether someone attempting to access the site with the username Carlos123 really is the same person who created the account. Authentication is the process of verifying that someone is who they say they are. Authentication bypass vulnerability could allow attackers to perform various malicious operations by bypassing the device authentication mechanism. Reduce risk. ZAP script will extract the token and subsequent request to the endpoint will include this token as part of the request header. Feel free to provide any comment or feedback. The world's #1 web penetration testing toolkit. Rule: The XSD defined for a SOAP web service should, at a minimum, define the maximum length and character set of every parameter allowed to pass into and out of the web service. This either cripples the application making it unable to respond to legitimate messages or it could take it down entirely. You can also use an app, such as Outlook mobile, that only uses Modern Authentication and works on both iOS and Android devices. If you're already familiar with the basic concepts behind authentication vulnerabilities and just want to practice exploiting them on some realistic, deliberately vulnerable targets, you can access all of the labs in this topic from the link below. API #3 - Excessive Data Exposure. Validating inputs using a strong allow list. Information on ordering, pricing, and more. Download the latest version of Burp Suite. You can write your own scripts in python, JavaScript, ZEST or Ruby. This is for data at rest. ZAP provides authentication mechanism for basic use cases, for example: form based authentication, etc. Even commercial vulnerability scanners struggle with this problem. So the web service must provide the following validation: Rule: Validation against recursive payloads. The reality is that updating your apps and configuration to use Modern Authentication makes your business more secure against many threats. Customers that have disabled Basic Authentication have experienced 67 percent fewer compromises than those who still use it. November 3, 2022. However, as authentication is so critical to security, the likelihood that flawed authentication logic exposes the website to security issues is clearly elevated. Even compromising a low-privileged account might still grant an attacker access to data that they otherwise shouldn't have, such as commercially sensitive business information. At least in part, websites are exposed to anyone who is connected to the internet by design. INSIGHTIDR. Products. First, you have to make a usual Basic-Authorization request, and in response you will receive the token. Because basic authentication does not encrypt user credentials, it is important that traffic always be sent over an encrypted SSL session. If an attacker can intercept traffic on the network, he/she might be able to steal the user's credentials. The HTTP Basic Authentication scheme is not considered to be a secure method of user authentication (unless . Following an authentication challenge, the web service should check the privileges of the requesting entity whether they have access to the requested resource. Rule: The XSD defined for a SOAP web service should define strong (ideally allow-list) validation patterns for all fixed format parameters (e.g., zip codes, phone numbers, list values, etc.). User authentication verifies the identity of the user or the system trying to connect to the service. The best manual tools to start web security testing. The authentication mechanisms are weak because they fail to adequately protect against brute-force attacks. Practise exploiting vulnerabilities on realistic targets. Rule: Protection against XML entity expansion. Attackers have to gain access to only a few accounts, or just one admin account to . Throughput represents the number of web service requests served during a specific amount of time. Level up your hacking and earn more bug bounties. Everyone tries to do it differently. To verify, build test cases to make sure your parser to resistant to these types of attacks. Impact If an attacker can intercept traffic on the network, he/she might be able to steal the user's credentials. Attackers could also bypass the authentication mechanism by stealing the valid session IDs or cookies. Automating Authenticated API vulnerability scanning with OWASP ZAP Performing authenticated application vulnerability scanning can get quite complex for modern applications or APIs. This could be transport encryption or message encryption. NOTE: Before you add a vulnerability, please search and make sure there isn't an equivalent one already. What's the difference between Pro and Enterprise Edition? The integrity of data in transit can easily be provided by TLS. A web service needs to make sure a web service client is authorized to perform a certain action (coarse-grained) on the requested data (fine-grained). Bonus materials (Security book, Docker book, and other bonus files) are included in the Premium package! XML Denial of Service is probably the most serious attack against web services. In this post, we will take the demo vulnerable application Hackazon. Dead accurate, fast & easy-to-use Web Application Security Scanner, Invicti Security Corp 1000 N Lamar Blvd Suite 300 Austin, TX 78703, US. You can download the vulnerable docker image of the Hackazon application and the scripts we will use in this tutorial here. Rule: Messages containing sensitive data must be encrypted using a strong encryption cipher. As previously announced, we are turning off Basic Authentication in Exchange Online for all tenants starting October 1, 2022. Moving your Exchange Online organization from Basic Authentication to the more secure OAuth 2.0 token-based authentication (or Modern Authentication) enables stronger protection and the ability to use features like multifactor authentication (MFA). This credentials can be obtained from the authentication scripts as shown below. Even commercial vulnerability scanners struggle with this problem. You can search and find all vulnerabilities, CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, Bash Command Injection Vulnerability (Shellshock Bug), Remote Code Execution and DoS in HTTP.sys (IIS), Using Content Security Policy to Secure Web Applications. What's the issue - Authentication bypass exploit is mainly due to a weak authentication mechanism. Such authentication is usually a function of the container of the web service. See: Authentication Cheat Sheet. Rule: Web services must be compliant with Web Services-Interoperability (WS-I) Basic Profile at minimum. To reduce the risk of such attacks on your own websites, there are several general principles that you should always try to follow. Rule: Ensure access to administration and management functions within the Web Service Application is limited to web service administrators. Over the years OWASP ZAP community has done an excellent job of extending ZAPs features and functionalities. In other words, it involves making sure that they really are who they claim to be. 1Internet Crime Report 2021, Internet Crime Complaint Center, Federal Bureau of Investigation. Basic authentication is vulnerable to replay attacks. Authentication is the process of verifying that an individual, entity or website is whom it claims to be. return jarray.array([Username, Password], java.lang.String); username = quote(credentials.getParam(Username)).encode(utf-8); password = quote(credentials.getParam(Password)).encode(utf-8); Finally after you finish writing the authentication script it should look like below. 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