In December 1918, the Georgians were confronting a rebellion chiefly in the village of Uzunlar in the Lori region. [17][18][19], The Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region is one of the earliest known prehistoric cultures in the area, carbon-dated to roughly 60004000 BC. Sohaemus, a Roman citizen of Armenian heritage, was installed as the new client king.[47]. However, later Sultans, such as Abdul Hamid II stopped the reforms and carried out massacres, now known as the Hamidian massacres of 189596 leading to a failed Armenian attempt to assassinate him. The actual transfer of power took place on 2 December 1920 in Yerevan. [83], The Persians were severely dissatisfied with the outcome of the war which led to the ceding of so much Persian territory to the Russians. The Roman provinces (Latin: provincia, pl. In 1988, the Spitak earthquake killed tens of thousands of people and destroyed multiple towns in northern Armenia, such as Leninakan (modern-day Gyumri) and Spitak. [39] According to the Armenian tradition, the Medes helped the Armenians establish the Orontid dynasty. HA Marcus Antoninus 9.1, Verus 7.1; Dio Cass. The territory of a people who were defeated in war might be brought under various forms of treaty, in some cases entailing complete subjection (deditio). [75], After the members of the first Crusade appeared in Asia Minor, the Armenians developed close ties to European Crusader States. [76] The Armenian authorities was often in touch with the crusaders. In 69 BC Lucullus pushed Mithridates into Armenia and followed it up by capturing the Armenian capital of Tigranocerta. I have been living in Turkey for more than ten years. Armenia, country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. [20] The provinces in turn were grouped into (originally twelve) dioceses, headed usually by a vicarius, who oversaw their affairs. [119] No progress arose from further meetings in Minsk and Moscow in November 2006. Some scholars compare this with the list of military territories under the duces, in charge of border garrisons on so-called limites, and the higher ranking Comites rei militaris, with more mobile forces, and the later, even higher magistri militum.[22]. [142][143] On 25 April 2021, Pashinyan announced his formal resignation from his post of prime minister to allow snap parliamentary elections in June. In the 290s, Diocletian divided the empire anew into almost a hundred provinces, including Roman Italy. [1] Levon Ter-Petrosyan was popularly elected the first President of the newly independent Republic of Armenia on 16 October 1991 and re-elected on 22 September 1996. [1] The drawing of definite borders was, however, left to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson and the United States State Department, and was only presented to Armenia on 22 November 1920. This conflict ended after the Battle of Rhandeia, in an effective stalemate and a formal compromise: a Parthian prince of the Arsacid line would henceforth sit on the Armenian throne, but his nomination had to be approved by the Roman emperor. Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union on 23 August 1990. St. Gregory chose as the site of the "Catholicosate" the capital city of Vagharshapat (actual Ejmiatsin) in Armenia and built there the Etchmiadzin Cathedral as a vaulted basilica in 301-303 (Vahan Mamikonian, Roman governor of Armenia, in 480 ordered the dilapidated basilica to be replaced with a new cruciform church, still standing in the modern Armenia). Roman emperor Trajan created even a short-lived Province of Armenia between 114 and 117 AD. While the Armenians of Constantinople benefited from the Sultan's support and grew to be a prospering community, the same could not be said about the ones inhabiting historic Armenia. PROVINCES AND THE SUCCESSION Provinces The Problem: Expand frontiers to protect empire, especially civilized regions Then worry about army commanders far away . [82][83] Karabakh was also ceded to Russia by Persia. [1], The name Armenia was given to the country by the surrounding states, and it is traditionally derived from Armenak or Aram (the great-grandson of Haik's great-grandson, and another leader who is, according to Armenian tradition, the ancestor of all Armenians). According to Strabo, around this time everyone in Armenia spoke "the same language. Roman provincial organization [citation needed]. In 1922, the newly proclaimed Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, under the leadership of Alexander Miasnikyan, became part of the Soviet Union as one of three republics comprising the Transcaucasian SFSR. A N I TA Z H A N G CLASS OF 2017 L AT I N I V THE ROMAN PROVINCE ARMENIA Date & Location Important Dates: 114 -. [81] It was the beginning of the Russo-Persian War (18041813). The boys were then forced to convert to Islam (by threat of death otherwise) and educated to be fierce warriors in times of war, as well as Beys, Pashas and even Grand Viziers in times of peace. An often-used policy by the Persians was the appointment of Turks as local rulers as so called khans of their various khanates. Bartholomew." Armen Petrosyan. According to popular hagiography, the apostle was flayed alive and beheaded. In return, they received their royal insignia, including red shoes, from the emperor. 6 BCE New king of Parthia: Phraataces [citation needed], After years of rule, the Arsacid dynasty fell in 428, with Eastern Armenia being subjugated to Persia and Western Armenia, to Rome. By AD 63 a peace treaty was negotiated in which Tiridates would lay down his crown, hence surrendering the Parthian right to place him on the throne, but it was agreed that he would travel to Rome where Nero himself would give him the throne under Roman authority (AD 66). The Emperor Basil I, who took the Byzantine throne in 867, was the first of what is sometimes called the Armenian dynasty (see Macedonian dynasty), reflecting the strong effect the Armenians had on the Byzantine Empire. [107] In response, Armenia declared war on Turkey on 24 September and the Turkish invasion of Armenia (1920) began. Nonetheless, there were still parts of Armenia held within the Empire, containing many Armenians. Roman Empire Wall Map$59.99 incl. Many Armenians still had nationalist and conservative sentiments, even though they were discouraged from expressing them publicly. Armenia became the first country to establish Christianity as its state religion when, in an event traditionally dated to 301, Gregory the Illuminator convinced Tiridates III, the king of Armenia, to convert to Christianity. . The Armenian people then adopted a Western political, philosophical, and religious orientation. [citation needed], The Armenian Highland shows traces of settlement from the Neolithic era. This situation divided the kingdom's inhabitants between pro-Catholic and pro-Apostolic camps. in the Armenian province of Arzanene or Aghdznik), east of Diyarbakr modern day Turkey. Following the resettlement of Persian Armenians alone in the newly conquered Russian territories, significant demographic shifts were bound to take place. In November 1920, the Turkish revolutionaries captured Alexandropol and were poised to move in on the capital. [22][23][24] Other, possibly related, cultures were spread throughout the Armenia Highlands during this time, namely in the Aragats and Lake Sevan regions.[25][26][27]. Armenia: Client status under Pompey in 64 BC but that status was disputed with Parthia for the next century. "[31] The Arme tribe of Urartian texts may have been the Urumu, who in the 12th century BC attempted to invade Assyria from the north with their allies the Mushki and the Kaskians. Roman territory extended to ca. Many Armenians began to demand statehood. Armenia was well known to classical Greek and Roman writers who on occasion made personal journeys to Armenia describing some of its countryside, villages and cities. [141], On 25 February 2021, The Armenian military called for Pashinyan to resign. Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey ), with its capital at Caesarea. written by Carole Raddato Just a short walk from the Pantheon in Rome, in Piazza di Pietra, are the majestic remains of the Temple of the deified Hadrian (Hadrianeum) built by Antoninus Pius, Hadrian's adopted son and successor. [citation needed]. Under Nero, the Romans fought a campaign (5563) against the Parthian Empire, which had invaded the kingdom of Armenia, allied to the Romans. [9], In 301, Arsacid Armenia was the first sovereign nation to accept Christianity as a state religion. Armenia, under its Arshakuni dynasty, which was a branch of the eponymous Arsacid dynasty of Parthia, was often a focus of contention between Rome and Parthia. [19], Under Augustus, Roman provinces were classified as either public or imperial, depending on whether power was exercised by the Senate or the emperor. 6 May 2010. That term was used both colloquially and officially, in Roman legal acts that were issued in the Greek language. In 113, Trajan invaded the Parthian Empire because he wanted to reinstate a vassal king in Armenia (a few years before fallen under Parthian control). Asia Minor is surrounded by the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. [30] It is possible that the name Armenia originates in Armini, Urartian for "inhabitant of Arme" or "Armean country. [1] Some scholars use the reorganization of the empire into themata in this period as one of the demarcations between the Dominate and the Byzantine (or the Later Roman) period. Loss. out of a total population of over 100,000 left the region. Throughout most of its history during this period, under the reign of the Arsacid Dynasty, the Armenian nobility was divided among Roman-loyalists, Parthian-loyalists, and neutrals. As a Roman province Armenia was administered along with Cappadocia by Catilius Severus of the gens Claudia. Roman emperor Justinian I rebuilt the city in 527 after a strong earthquake hit it. [8][9] Prorogation undermined the republican constitutional principle of annually-elected magistracies and the amassing of disproportionate wealth and military power by a few men through their provincial commands was a major factor in the transition from a republic to an imperial autocracy. The Urumu apparently settled in the vicinity of Sason, lending their name to the regions of Arme and the nearby land of Urme. Roman Province Chronology. Tags: Hasan Guldayhistory of Roman Province of Armenialocation of Roman Province of ArmeniaRoman Province of ArmeniaRoman Province of Armenia and Turkey tourtour guide for Roman Province of Armeniatour guide in turkeyTour guide in Turkey for Roman Province of Armeniaturkish tour guide. All Rights Reserved. Parts of historical Armenia gained independence from the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire after the collapse of these two empires in the wake of the First World War. Garni Although our sources mention war, the Hellenistic and early Roman age were usually quiet. United and Romanized, through conquest, or absorbed through its culture, Rome still stands today as a legacy to the achievement of mankind, and its failures. [2] The Roman provinces ( Latin: provincia, pl. Complaints included that Kocharyan had not been an Armenian citizen for ten years as required by the constitution. . II. Armenia province, located next to Parthian Empire and the Sasanian Empire, was commonly a conflict zone. The Persians retained the larger part of Armenia ("Persarmenia") while the Romans received a small part of Western Armenia. As a result,[84] the next war between Russia and Persia was inevitable, namely the Russo-Persian War (18261828). The region was the focus of prolonged warfare in the ByzantineSasanian War of 602628. It was destroyed in 1374 by the forces of Mamluk Empire, after their conquest of Armenia. Ter-Petrosyan was forced to step down in February 1998 after advocating compromised settlement of the conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh which many Armenians regarded as undermining their security. Armavir [2] In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (southwestern historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (16001200 BC). When Roman emperor Septimius Severus sacked the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon, many Armenian soldiers were in his army. # Ajaia Roman province # Roman province of Mesopotamia # Edessa Roman province # Lafratip Roman province # Assyrian Roman province # Roman province of Judea # Sychelaa Roman Province # Roman province of Asia # Syria Roman province # Roman province of Pannonia provinces . Ararat Artashat The population of 2011 is 260,367. In 114, Emperor Trajan incorporated Armenia into the Empire, making it a full Roman province. For ancient episcopal sees in the Roman provinces of Armenia I and Armenia II, see Lesser Armenia#Episcopal sees. (During, Seven Songs About Armenia (Yot yerg Hayastani masin) doc. Brutus liberates Rome. The Armenian-American historian George Bournoutian gives a summary of the ethnic make up after those events:[90]. The Soviet authorities placed Armenians under supervision. The country was seized later by Tigranes II The Great of Armenia (83); he ruled until his defeat by Pompey, who ended years of anarchy by making Syria a Roman province (64-63). [citation needed], Although the Bolsheviks succeeded in ousting the Turks from their positions in Armenia, they decided to establish peace with Turkey. Though Armenia was soon split in half between Rome (Byzantine) and Persia, it also maintained its own small dynastic independent kingdom. One eye-witness, Father de Guyan, describes the predicament of the refugees thus: Unable to maintain his army on the desolate plain, Sinan Pasha was forced to winter in Van. The earliest evidence for this culture is found on the Ararat plain; thence it spread to Georgia by 3000 BC (but never reaching Colchis), proceeding westward and to the south-east into an area below the Urmia basin and Lake Van. [46] The Parthians forced Armenia into submission from 37 to 47, when the Romans retook control of the kingdom. Count Baldwin, who with the rest of the Crusaders was passing through Asia Minor bound for Jerusalem, left the Crusader army and was adopted by Thoros of Edessa, an Armenian ruler of Greek Orthodox faith. In the late 1980s, Armenia was suffering from pollution. [10][11][8][12], Cisalpine Gaul (in northern Italy) was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC and became considered geographically and de facto part of Roman Italy,[13] but remained politically and de jure separated. [49] Between 1st and 4th centuries AD, the Armenian Church was headed by patriarchs. [92], In 1915, the Ottoman Empire systematically carried out the Armenian genocide. Roman Province of Armenia occupied some parts of todays Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Turkey. However, by this point, while Rome was all powerful in the west, Parthia had emerged as a substantial rival in the east. The land given to Turkey included the ancient city of Ani and Mount Ararat, the spiritual Armenian homeland.
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