With Myrtles death her tremendous vitality is extinguished. Two years later, she married Tom Buchanon because he bought her an expensive necklace, with the promise of a life of similar extravagance. They are superficial, judgmental, and oblivious to the essence of the people around them. The jersey is significant both because it symbolizes the green renewal Gatz experiences and because it is torn; Gatsby will pay dearly for the rebirth and wealth he seeks. Nick describes his perspective of the Great Gatsby in the first person. Throughout, The Great Gatsby has the precision and splendor of a lyric poem, yet well-wrought prose is merely one of its triumphs. To see my full plan for Invictus, check out Introducing Historical and Biographical Criticism. He denies the impoverished George Wilson one of his extra cars, despite Wilsons desperate pleas. As an argument against prohibition, Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby is a powerful piece. In the midst of the Great Depression, however, the Rumseys were forced to sell the property. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Ending & Last Line of The Great Gatsby: Analysis, Eyes in The Great Gatsby: Significance & Analysis, ORELA Middle Grades English Language Arts: Practice & Study Guide, PARCC ELA - Grade 9: Test Prep & Practice, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Study Guide, MTTC English (002): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA Reading (013): Practice & Study Guide, GACE Middle Grades Reading (012): Practice & Study Guide, NMTA Middle Grades English Language Arts (201): Practice & Study Guide, NES Essential Academic Skills Reading Subtest 1 (001): Practice & Study Guide, PARCC ELA - Grade 10: Test Prep & Practice, Biff in Death of a Salesman: Character Analysis, Literary Criticism of Death of a Salesman, A View From the Bridge: Summary & Setting, A View from the Bridge: Themes & Analysis, A View from the Bridge: Characters & Quotes, James Baldwin: Short Stories, Poems & Quotes, How Literary Devices Impact Works of Nonfiction, How Central Themes in Literary Nonfiction are Developed, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Henry Gatz We are still very much aware of the conservative view of gender roles that encodes in our national DNA. The American dream became a mindset in all who set foot in the country of possibility. They also praised Fitzgeralds writing style, which was seen as poetic and lyrical. She offers Tom entry into a world he would otherwise be unable to enter, a world that is far more real than his own, and he offers her a fantasy in return, as evidence by the apartment in New York. But, in stark contrast to Daisy, Jordan isnt interested in being a mans inferior. One of the simplest yet most profound reasons The Great Gatsby is considered an American classic is its use of language, more particularly the emerging American Idiom. Writers of the 20s and beyond sought to find a way of using English that was more than simply a rehash of the great British writers, a style of writing that was distinctly American. 3 Nov. 2022 , Last Updated on June 1, 2019, by eNotes Editorial. The Great Gatsby has received critical acclaim and has been a source of popular debate, but it is also a novel, not a historical document. Unlike Gatsby, who is a sort of tragic figure, Tom Buchanon is just a bully. eNotes.com, Inc. 3). World War I augmented rather than inaugurated the trend. For example, when I introduce. Get your custom essay on. The same day, Nick turns 30, but he can only see his relationship with Jordan in terms of earlier events: There was Jordan beside me, who, unlike Daisy, was too wise ever to carry well-forgotten dreams from age to age (135; ch. Formalism is known for excluding or sidelining factors such as authorial intent, and the cultural and . Formalism may be defined as a critical approach in which the text under discussion is considered primarily as a structure of words. "There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams -- not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. Tom Buchanan, Daisys husband, might pontificate that their house guest should have more supervision, but Daisy ridicules her husbands comment. Here is one of the cruelest caricatures in the American novel. In the end, after all, she chooses the stability of Toms old money to Gatsbys new money, in a sense preferring the security of a more comfortable faded green than the possibility of a brighter, more ambitious green. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgastic future that year by year recedes before us. Fitzgerald consciously makes Tomthe Antagonist of the novelwithout one redeeming quality. 2. Fitzgerald seems to be encouraging his readers to break their own chains and take the time to enjoy the lives they have while they have them. One more way Fitzgerald's life is portrayed in the book is through the dreams of the characters. Gatsby's own devotion to her has a permanence that Daisy cannot live up to, yet Gatsby seems committed to an idea of Daisy that he has created rather than to the real woman she is. Nick Carraway understood this, telling Gatsby at one point that he was "worth the whole damned crowd put together.". Based on the setting, it is obvious that this novel is a story about a time period in history. They show the peculiar folly of the American dream. Published in 1925, The Great Gatsby became an immediate classic and propelled its young author to a fame he never again equalled. The novel has been criticized for its depictions of violence, its lack of moral values, and its overall message. She was a slender, small-breasted girl, with an erect carriage, which she accentuated by throwing her body backward at the shoulders like a young cadet (11). {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons The novel doesnt give us any clear idea. He is impressive in terms of strength, power, and power. Daisy was born Daisy Fay in Louisville, Kentucky, a daughter of Louisville society and Nick Carraways cousin. It was full of moneythat was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals' song of it. High in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl. (120). Even after Nick arranges a secret meeting for the two at his house, Gatsby is furtive and terrified. For example, the chapter , is a great choice. Some critics argue that the film deviates from its original story due to the use of 3D. 4). Her friend, Jordan Baker, seems openly sarcastic when speaking of their white girlhoodreferring to their youth spent in Louisville, Kentucky. Finally, the same bright green of the past becomes no more than a memory, and not necessarily a clear one. Comparing the liveliness of Fitzgerald's book with Melville's or, better still, with Hawthorne's (which resembles its tight dramatic structure and concentration), you have a good indication of the peculiar distinction in Fitzgerald's work. The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald.Set in the Jazz Age on Long Island, near New York City, the novel depicts first-person narrator Nick Carraway's interactions with mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and Gatsby's obsession to reunite with his former lover, Daisy Buchanan.. Nanette is still performed today, keeping a small part of the Jazz Age alive onstage. Gatsby literally glowed (89, ch. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Gatsby believed Daisys promise to wait for him, but he returned to Louisville as she and Tom were on their honeymoon. Nick grows closer and closer to Gatsby as the novel progresses. Ed. She is perfect but flawed, better as an image than as a flesh-and-blood person. This playful exchange comes after what may be the most honest thing Daisy says the entire evening: Ive had a very bad time, Nick, and Im pretty cynical about everything (16; ch. She embarks on an affair with Gatsby and claims to love him. Daisy is as confined as Jordan is liberated, and she cant live a life without a man to run it for her. Fitzgeralds use of the color green in The Great Gatsby reflects the arc of Gatsbys dreamin the beginning it is fresh, bursting with desire and imagination as if his dream were a newly blossoming flower. Ed. When Nick first sees her she seems to be floating in midair. He runs the coffee shop beside the ash heaps and is the principal witness at the inquest. And it transitions nicely intro historical criticism. 2). Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby's house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder. Jay Gatsby's social class at the beginning of the novel was unlike Daisy's as he thought that his financial worth would be enough to lure her. Gatsby sprang to his feet, vivid with excitement. Midwest native Nick Carraway (Tobey Maguire) arrives in 1922 New York in search of the American dream. George Wilson Catherine is Myrtle Wilsons sister. 2022 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, The Great Gatsby, Critical Edition (Critical Survey of Contemporary Fiction), The Great Gatsby (Critical Survey of Contemporary Fiction). Gatsby is symbolic of a nation whose great wealth and power has blinded it to more human concerns. For the old (inherited) money crowd, family lineage is often the first, and perhaps most important, indicator of class rank. He can never recapture his youth, so he seeks to recreate the excitement of those days by having a mistress on the side. Myrtle is maimed and victimized by Daisy's selfish fear of injury (Daisy could have crashed into another car but, at the last minute, loses heart and runs Myrtle down); Gatsby's death is but the final stage of disillusionment, and he suffers voluntarily. Nick will carry what he has seen at the parties, culminating in the fateful party at the Plaza Hotel, with him forever. This new approach emerged as a formalist movement, opposite of criticism. This may explain why Tom and Gatsby fight over her in chapter 7 as if she were an object: Your wife doesn't love you, said Gatsby. In fact, its just the opposite. You can also search for this author in However, by elevating the language at the end, by appealing to something more, he leaves us hanging on his last words. succeed. The discussions between Daisy and Jordan parallel passages from T. S. Eliots The Waste Land where the spiritually bankrupt representatives of all social classes wonder forlornly: What shall we do / What shall we ever do? (133-134); Jordan and Daisy, spiritually and physically enervated, differ drastically from Myrtle straining at the garage pump with panting vitality. (68; ch. The story follows Jay Gatsby, a wealthy and self-important man who attends numerous lavish parties and appears to have everything that is required for success. She loves me.. The novel was inspired by a youthful romance Fitzgerald had with socialite Ginevra . When she cannot renounce her marriage, Gatsby's dream is crushed. This photograph depicts the corruption and the fall of one of the worlds most corrupt countries. And he becomes acutely aware of his Otherness. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. One area of human behavior explored in F. Scott Fitzgerald's "The Great Gatsby" (1925) that has important implications for psychoanalytic criticism is found in the romantic relationships portrayed in the novel. Now it was again a green light on a dock today might read, Now it was nothing more than a green light on a dock. Reality shows itself, and for that moment, the reality is what Gatsby has been seeking since his own transformation years earlier. In light of this, Fitzgerald wrote about this issue with awareness of the early . Whether their money is inherited or earned, its inhabitant are morally decadent, living life in quest of cheap thrills and with no seeming moral purpose to their lives. Daisy first met Jay Gatsby in 1917, when he was stationed at Camp Taylor in Louisville. "Be better to parents." They fall into a trap of losing their morality and reality. The revues were not story-driven, but contained a variety of entertainment formsmusic, comedy, and particularly half- or mostly nude women, for which Ziegfeld became famous. Come over often, Nick, and Ill sort ofohfling you together. Her family is one aunt about a thousand years old. Daisys confused sense of loyalty is evident in her disappearance before Gatsbys funeralshe and Tom move away almost immediately, leaving no forwarding address for Nick or anyone else. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby's house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder. (51, ch. The Buchanons and Jordan never seemed to have had dreams beyond attaining success and status; Gatsbys dreams prove to be his undoing; and Nicks dream of success in New York dissolves into a cynical mess he can only escape by leaving. But her rather scandalous behavior does not sully her at all in the eyes of the smitten Gatsby. This celebration of literary art is inseparable from the novel's second great achievementits management of point of view, the creation of Nick. While you want to choose an appropriate text, you also want to choose an approachable text. In his literary criticism of The Great Gatsby and fellow American novelist Thomas Wolfe's Look Homeward, Angel, D. G. Kehl explores the recurring theme/Sehnsucht archetype . Publication of The Great Gatsby brought the changes in the air in the twenties to the rest of the nation, through their own eyes. So they could benefit from a different book. None of the three characters will be the same again after the clock drops. Henry Gatz is the father of James Gatz (aka Jay Gatsby), an elderly man who has been dependent on Gatsby for his livelihood. He was not truly God's boy perhaps, but he possessed a certain grandeur, an incredible ability to live in terms of his misguided dream. Nick wants to relate the history of the summer, not its events, its characters, or just a story. Marxist criticism. Use the unsubscribe link in those emails to opt out at any time. Myrtles executioner is the careless Daisy who has been driving Gatsbys expensive gold car. The McKees Among other things, The Great Gatsby is about the power of art. The most grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night' (p. 95). Also, it is known that the inspiration for the novel came from Fitzgerald's chance encounter with a Jewish bootlegger. The philosopher Karl Marx stated, "I do not like money, money is the reason we fight". New York: Scribner Paperback Edition, 2004. It is also true that the novels themes can be applied to any era and have a timeless quality. In this sense, Fitzgeralds commentary also preserves his music in the unmistakable flavorings of both story and style. He does let us know he is disgusted and touched at the same time that Daisy would even care about his failed relationship. A third theme in the novel is that of optimism. The Jazz Age: Popular Music in the 1920s. 8); the man who literally hunted Gatsby down and shot him in cold blood by the swimming pool. In defiance of the class difference separating them, he aspires high to this girl in a golden tower, the "king's" daughter, whose voice is full of money. Myrtles relationship with Tom is no stronger, obviously based on a physical attraction, especially on the part of Tom, who has little time for Myrtle outside the bedroom. On one level, The Great Gatsby is a romantic novel, or at least romance-driven. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one. Sexually interested? And during his recovery, he wrote his poem. Gatsby and Daisy are meeting at Nicks house for the first time, and the three are sharing an awkward conversation: Gatsby, his hands still in his pockets, was reclining against the mantelpiece in a strained counterfeit of perfect ease, even of boredom. In terms of drama, Arthur Millers The Crucible is a great option. Unfortunately, Gatsby had to take a janitors job to pay his tuition; he left St. Olafs in disgust after two weeks. Ironically, the Gatsby (or Gatz) family provides the only examples of familial love. What is it that Dr. Eckleburg's eyes survey? Serious critics have by no means settled upon what that "more" might be, but one hypothesis recurs quite regularly. Her face, above a spotted dress of dark blue crpe-de-chine, contained no facet or gleam of beauty, but there was an immediately perceptible vitality about her as if the nerves of her body were continually smouldering (25; ch. Learn how your comment data is processed. When they first meet, Nick enjoyed looking at her (11; ch. eNotes.com And he adamantly argues his racial superiority during the opening scene. Like the flower for which she is named, Daisy is delicate and lovely. Minimalizing a step further than Mark Twain Fitzgerald brings a European allegorical feel to his Gatsby characters, prompting later Modernists from William Faulkner to Philip Roth to do the same. It was because the time for dreaming as Gatsby dreamed had passed. Fitzgerald layers his main characters supposedly pure love with cynicism toward the world and toward his own potential. The Othering of the Creature also draws me to this lens. Gatsby by Fitzgerald is a social commentary on the erosion of the American Dream caused by money. Almost 90 years later, Gatsby is regularly named one of the greatest novels ever written in English, and has annually sold millions of copies globally. He literally pulls himself up from poverty to the heights of wealth through discipline and brains. First published in 1925, the novel follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on Long Island in 1922. In the early 1920s, New York City and Long Island were featured in the film Long Island and New York City, with West Egg and East Egg set between the Great Neck and Port Washington peninsulas, respectively. Theres evidence that he wrote the playto comment on the political situation during his own time. The novels female characters are very different from societys model and represent opposing viewpoints. Cody takes on a young James Gatz and shows him what the other side of life is all about. The philosopher Karl Marx (1818-83) suggested that history has involved a long struggle between social classes. The second date is today's https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20768-8_2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20768-8_2, eBook Packages: Palgrave Literature & Performing Arts CollectionLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0). From his vantage point, Nick can see everything that goes on. Others felt that the book was superficial and lacked the depth of feeling that was present in Fitzgeralds earlier work. The film will premiere at the Palais des Festivals in May and will be released in the United States on May 10th. He learns, first through Jordan then from Gatsby himself, that Gatsbys only goal in life is to be reunited with Daisy. "The Great Gatsby - Jordan Baker, a Soldier in the Culture War" eNotes Publishing 5). Gatsby thinks of Daisy in relation to the objects with which she is surrounded. formalist or New Criticism is all about the unifiedwhole. Unlike him, her "panting vitality" is wholly physical, merely pathetic; whereas Gatsby's quest is spiritual and tragic. Word Count: 4614. Gatsby grew up poor--dirt poor. Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson were unsound guides to life in the modernity of the vast eastern Urbana, the East of West Egg, Long Islandand also for life in the new Midwest to which the chastened Carraway returned. They are all rich and beautifuland unhappy. The intersection of history and literature is rife for literary discussion. Full Title: The Great Gatsby Where Written: Paris and the US, in 1924 When Published: 1925 Literary Period: Modernism Genre: Novel Setting: Long Island, Queens, and Manhattan, New York in the summer of 1922 Climax: The showdown between Gatsby and Tom over Daisy Point of View: First person Extra Credit for The Great Gatsby Puttin' on the Fitz. This week, my juniors will make their first foray into literary criticism. He is truly a self-made man, a fiction whose past and obsessions finally destroy him. The time scheme of the novel is further complicated as "the history of that summer" of 1922 contains within it the story of another summer, five years before this one, when Gatsby and Daisy first courted. In each, she sees qualities lacking in the other. Though his prose has all along been creating for us Gatsby's "romantic readiness," almost until the very end Nick insists that he deplores Gatsby's "appalling sentimentality." The bands of Bix Beiderbecke, Tom Brown, and Joe King Oliver introduced the hybrid music to young New York society, who immediately embraced it. Then he sees the callous way that the elites discard both Myrtle's and Gatsby's lives, and his working class roots emerge. Like Gatsby, Myrtle desires "the youth and mystery that wealth imprisons and preserves gleaming above the hot struggles of the poor." Most of the characters in West Egg could be considered amoralthey simply have no place for traditional morality in their lives or activities. The emphasis was on everyday people learning to play for themselves and their families and friends at home. Tom is Old Money, hopelessly stuck in the past, trying to live up to his ancestors wealth by amassing his own. Like historical criticism, New Historicism requires some historical knowledge. (In ordinary pronunciation, the 't' easily changes to "d" as in "Gad.") In F Scott Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby, he paints an unflattering picture of the world he sees every day. 2). The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald examines and criticizes the divisions between old and new money that are increasingly prevalent in American society. "The Great Gatsby - Critique of American Upper Class Values" eNotes Publishing Tom was a Big Man on Campus in the past, while Gatsby was both a poor farm boy and Daisys lover; Daisy was a flighty socialite with no family to tie her down; all of them were nave Midwesterners whose lives, they now believe, were far better in a past they cant help but romanticize. The West Egg represents Gatsby, who has money, The East Egg represents the Buchanans, who inherited the money, and The Valley of Ashes represents the plight of the poor, including George Wilson. And his vision comes slowly, in the act of writing the book. The story, told from the perspective of a nave young narrator, focuses on a mysterious millionaire, the woman he loves, and the self-absorbed denizens of their wealthy neighborhood. Fitzgerald portrays her unflatteringly as crass, tasteless, overweight, and ostentatious. "The Great Gatsby - Fitzgerald's Distinctly American Style of Writing" eNotes Publishing Significantly, however, Tom Buchanan walks away unscathed from this affair, while Myrtle dies in the Waste Land, mingling her thick dark blood with the dust (137; ch. As I went over to say good-by I saw that the expression of bewilderment had come back into Gatsbys face, as though a faint doubt had occurred to him as to the quality of his present happiness. Whoops! He started life with little, as the son of fairly unsuccessful farmers. The Great Gatsby sets its scene in the Long Island region of New York during the summer of 1922. Nick says, I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known (59), almost as if honesty is a failing compared to Jordan and Gatsby. So Gatsby goes off and he makes his fortune, a fortune perhaps beyond even Daisy's dreams. My own face had now assumed a deep tropical burn. 2. There has also been speculation about the books contents, including extra marital affairs, adultery, bootlegging, and violence. If we don't view the novel through a psychoanalytic lens, we found it one of the great American love stories. While Fitzgeralds harsh criticism of American society is most clearly illustrated by his view of the materialistic standard of living, the tragic death of Gatsby, the negligence shown by Gatsbys friends, the revelation of Gatsbys innocent childhood, and the authors own personal life experiences, his, Formalist criticism is a critical approach that emphasizes the close reading of a text. "No smokeing [sic] or chewing." At several points in the novel, Gatsby is described by Nick as a knight. At a drunken party in New York City when Myrtle oversteps one of Toms dubious moral lines by mentioning Daisy, he hits his mistress, breaking her nose. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved anyone except me! (130). Dreams like Gatsbys longtime dream for love are part of the well-forgotten past of a world in which dreams have little of no value. It also provides students with some great opportunities for literary criticism. Once the desire for other green, particularly money, came into the mix, Fitzgerald suggests the possibility for purity and rebirth, and finally love, prove unattainable. eNotes.com Significant writers in the Twenties were above all dedicated to the imposing task of pointing out the error of living in terms of obsolete values however useful those values might have been in the past. And during his recovery, he wrote his poem. Nick castigates Jordan for relatively minor dishonesties but accepts with equanimity the massive dishonesty that has characterized Gatsbys entire life. In terms of drama, analyzing Arthur Millers Why I Wrote The Crucible is effective for this lens. Ed. To summarize, Fitzgeralds portrayal of Gatsby as a shallow and arrogant man does not reflect the historical record, and it is critical to remember that the author wrote about a fictional character. As the music grew more popular, jazzmen like Louis Armstrong and Jellyroll Morton became household names. 1): this is the house of Daisy Fay Buchanan, the very wealthy, former Louisville belle whom Gatsby had loved before the war but who marries the immensely wealthy Tom Buchanan of Chicago. "Angry, and half in love with her, and tremendously sorry, I turned away.". When Gatsby almost breaks it, the moment is shattered. Gatsbys world falls apart when he realizes the future he envisions simply cant happen. In formalist criticism, the text is considered to be an autonomous work of art, and the critics job is to analyze the text itself, without reference to outside sources. Daisy is incapable of caring for her infantone assumes a governess or nanny takes care of herany more than she is able to truly love Tom or Gatsby. Word Count: 820. Similarly, George Orwells Shooting an Elephant is a great choice. We learn that his parents were "shiftless and unsuccessful"and that "his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all." With the background of Gatsbys continual and lavish parties, women seem to have been transformed into flappers, supposedly the incarnation of independence following World War I. While he protests often of his unwillingness to participate in other's embroilments and is frequently irritated or exasperated by them, he participates nevertheless. The big band, as it came to be known in the 1930s and 40s, also began during this period, under the direction of Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, Paul Whiteman, and others. Before leaving, he returns to that huge incoherent failure of a house once more (179). Since 2005, she has taught literature, writing, and philosophy courses at the university and graduate levels. All that matters for Gatsby is the future: achieving his goal of reclaiming Daisy. 6). Gale Cengage Toms old Chicago family is enormously wealthy. In fact, his position was what attracted Daisy to him. Myrtle, who Fitzgerald describes as sensuous and vital, is Tom Buchanons mistress. These remnants of poverty prevent him from ever being fully accepted by the old money crowd. In The Communist Manifesto, published in 1848 and Das Kapital, published in 1867, Marx argues that more than any other thing, class shapes who we are, what we experience, and how we see ourselves. 2. Tom is the best example. Immediately following the apple reference, Gatsby tells Daisy that he has been watching the light at the end of the dock. It represents his dream of one day being able to win Daisys love. It is this definition that defines what it is to be a man. Indeed, Toms gift of a string of pearls valued at $350, 000 the night before the two are to be wed only increases his estimation of her worth. Nicks desire for Jordan cools, and after Myrtles death he avoids her along with the rest of the group. We will see Fitzgerald also turns a critical eye to the American concept of time, in effect warning us all to avoid becoming trapped in time. Scott Fitzgerald dealt with the other side of the cointhe bankruptcy of the old way. Nick and Jordans romance begins as casually as Gatsby and Daisys must have back in 1917. For example, the chapter On the Rainy River is compelling in its own right. 8). 's' : ''}}. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Matterson, S. (1990). Gatsby has not achieved his wealth through honest hard work, but through bootlegging and crime. What is a formalism approach? Travelling through the Valley of Ashes: Symbolic Unity in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby Nick Carraway's narrative of hope and wonder The Great Gatsby, the romantic tradition, and narrative transcendence 6.
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