Boston has Esports teams as well, such as the Overwatch League's Boston Uprising. He was the person most directly responsible for the foundation of Boston by Puritan colonizers in 1630. The property, whose core has been in state control since 1854, historically housed a variety of facilities for providing services to the indigent or sick. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. [102] Footprint Power planned to demolish the 63-acre waterfront site that has towering smokestacks, a coal pile, and oil tanks. It is the second most densely populated city in Massachusetts, behind Somerville, and is Smith-Dalton, Maggi (Salem History Society) "Stories & shadows from Salem's past: Naumkeag notations,"American Chronicles Series, Charleston, SC: History Press, 2010. Walsh's predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure was the longest in the city's history. The Salem State Foundation hosts an annual lecture series, featuring high-profile speakers from around the world. A network of small rivers bordering the city and connecting it to the surrounding region facilitated shipment of goods and led to a proliferation of mills and factories. Derby was also the owner of the Grand Turk, the first New England vessel to trade with China and the second, after the Empress of China, to sail from the United States. Founded in 1897, the Chelsea Clock Company is one of the oldest, largest, and few remaining American clock manufacturing companies in existence. Milford was first settled in 1662 as a part of Mendon after Native Americans, including the Sachem, Quashaamit, granted land to the early settlers. The people who lived in the area most likely moved between inland winter homes along the Charles River (called Quinobequin, meaning "meandering," by the Native people) and summer communities on the coast. Reports were made[who?] The racial makeup of the city was 81.5% White, 4.9% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.7% from other races, and 2.5% from two or more races. In 2013 the $74 million, 122,000-square-foot library is going to open on the Salem State University campus. [20][21] In fiscal year 2008, the town of Milford spent 1.5% ($966,758) of its budget on its public libraryapproximately $35 per person, per year ($42.87 adjusted for inflation to 2021).[22]. This occurred after Blaxton invited one of their leaders, Isaac Johnson to cross Back Bay from the failing colony of Charlestown and share the peninsula. It is bordered to the east by the town of Winthrop and the Boston Harbor Islands, to the northeast by the cities of Revere, Chelsea and Everett, to the north by the cities of Somerville and Cambridge, to the northwest by Watertown, to the west by the city of Newton and town of Brookline, to the southwest by the town of Dedham and small portions of Needham and Canton, and to the southeast by the town of Milton, and the city of Quincy. Fitzgerald. The British Army attempted a cannon barrage for two hours, but their shot could not reach the colonists' cannons at such a height. [181] The General Electric Corporation announced in January 2016 its decision to move the company's global headquarters to the Seaport District in Boston, from Fairfield, Connecticut, citing factors including Boston's preeminence in the realm of higher education. (Exhibition at Boston Public Library and Massachusetts Historical Society), Cf. In 1999, the large dome towering over the hospital's administration building collapsed. The Silver Line's SL3 route to Chelsea has been in operation since 2018. Some 1.2million persons may be within Boston's boundaries during work hours, and as many as 2million during special events. [61] The city reacted strongly to the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850,[62] contributing to President Franklin Pierce's attempt to make an example of Boston after the Anthony Burns Fugitive Slave Case. The Great Salem Fire of 1914 destroyed over 400 homes and left 3,500 families homeless but spared the historic concentration of Federal architecture on Chestnut Street. About 20.6% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.8% of those under age 18 and 20.9% of those age 65 or over. [70], Between 1631 and 1890, the city tripled its area through land reclamation by filling in marshes, mud flats, and gaps between wharves along the waterfront. [27] In the late 18th century some of the residents of Medfield and surrounding towns formed a subscription library, called the Medfield Social Library.[28]. [280] The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor.[281]. Following the American Revolution, many ships used as privateers were too large for short voyages in the coasting trade,[35] and their owners determined to open new avenues of trade to distant countries. [91], In October 2010, Mayor Driscoll announced that the city would formally acquire the Blaney Street parcel from Dominion Energy,[92] paving the way for the Salem Wharf project. [2] Today, the health care facility exists as the Milford Regional Medical Center. The city's mob presence along with the colonists' growing lack of faith in either Britain or its Parliament fostered a revolutionary spirit in the city. It is managed by the Trustees of Reservations. Between 2004 and 2013, there were only four days in which the air was unhealthy for the general public, according to the EPA. The community remained part of Boston until it was set off and incorporated in 1739, when it was named after Chelsea, a neighborhood in London, England. [221] Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as Boston slang and sardonic humor. Washington was so impressed, he made Rufus Putnam his chief engineer. Several dozen support workers were still laid off. [247] Later, a dense network of railroads furthered the region's industry and commerce. [68][69] The on-demand transit network is operated by Via and allows riders to share the same vehicle for approximately the same price as a MBTA Bus ticket. Prevailing wind patterns that blow offshore minimize the influence of the Atlantic Ocean. What might have been a dignified transformation of a magnificent structure which was originally built to serve the best intentions, but at times lost its way through human frailty, now is a mere ghost-image of itself. [294] Several major AM stations include talk radio WRKO, sports/talk station WEEI, and iHeartMedia WBZ. [21][22], Salem's harbor was defended by Fort Miller in Marblehead from 1632 to 1865, and by Fort Pickering on Winter Island from 1643 to 1865. Pearson PLC publishing units also employ several hundred people in Boston. Lawrence and Salem were the county seats of Route 1 looms above the southeastern edge of this tree-lined neighborhood, and Revere Beach Parkway winds along the northern edge. [320] In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the Future" list as a "Future Best City" for biking,[321][322] and Boston's bicycle commuting percentage increased from 1% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2009. [5], In the early 1990s, a $19 million capital improvement plan was implemented by the state to improve the still-operating portions of the campus. [21][22][23] Boston's economic base also includes finance,[24] professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. green light on helicopter at night. [290] The Boston Globe also releases a teen publication to the city's public high schools, called Teens in Print or T.i.P., which is written by the city's teens and delivered quarterly within the school year. The city is the third-most densely populated large U.S. city of over half a million residents, and the most densely populated state capital. He led troops to victory in King Philip's War, served as a magistrate on the highest court, and was chosen as the first speaker of the House of Deputies. [242] King's Chapel was the city's first Anglican church, founded in 1686 and converted to Unitarianism in 1785. [120], As of the census[121] of 2010, there were 41,340 people, 19,130 households, and 9,708 families residing in the city. Much of the city's cultural identity revolves around the infamous Salem witch trials of 1692, depicted in Arthur Miller's play The Crucible (1953). [88], The BRA continued implementing eminent domain projects, including the clearance of the vibrant Scollay Square area for construction of the modernist style Government Center. It is the 24th-most populous city in the country.The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km 2) and a population of 675,647 as Popular legend places the execution of the Salem Witches near this site. Males had a median income of $42,173 versus $30,989 for females. [8], On April 12, 1908, nearly half the city was destroyed in the first of two great fires that would devastate Chelsea in the 20th century. Also new for 2011 is a paved lot with about 140 parking spaces replacing the existing dirt parking lot. The average number of days with a low at or below freezing is 94. [162] The Old Salem Jail complex was renamed 50 Saint Peter Street and is now private property, with private residences.[163]. [114] The most recent sub- 0F (18C) reading occurred on January 7, 2018, when the temperature dipped down to 2F (19C). This is the highest percentage of foreign-born residents in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. [187] In September 2019, the city formally inaugurated Boston Saves, a program that provides every child enrolled in the city's kindergarten system a savings account containing $50 to be used toward college or career training. Monson Developmental Center This disrupted American trade and tested the United States' neutrality. [284], Boston has an ordinance, enacted in 2014, that bars the Boston Police Department "from detaining anyone based on their immigration status unless they have a criminal warrant".[285]. The nearest general aviation airport is Beverly Municipal Airport, and the nearest commercial airline service for national and international flights is at Boston's Logan International Airport. Hospital in Massachusetts, United States, 1987 photo of the Administration Building, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places listings in Taunton, Massachusetts, MASSACHUSETTS - Bristol County - Historic Districts, Gov. Built in 1912, it is the oldest sports arena or stadium in active use in the United States among the four major professional American sports leagues, Major League Baseball, the National Football League, National Basketball Association, and the National Hockey League. In 1975, the main part of the hospital was closed and abandoned. Be courteous and give credit when using any image acquired from this site. However, there are some smaller associated brick structures in the area as well as Malone Park. Webster Ave, Mill Creek Riverwalk, Creekside Common, and Beth Israel Deaconess HealthCare. [24][22], As summarized by the "State of the City" report[when? [1], On June 27, 2014, Avalon Bay Communities, Inc,. [15] Francis Higginson wrote that "we found a faire house newly built for the Governor" which was remarkable for being two stories high. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. Despite its small size, there are several distinct neighborhoods in Chelsea: Admirals Hill: Admirals Hill sits atop a point of land between the Mystic River and Island End River. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Note: Municipalities not listed have a town meeting form of government (see, This page was last edited on 10 April 2022, at 19:52. Boston's park system is well-reputed nationally. [3] The Boston Globe reported this was the largest capital campaign in the museum's history vaulting the Peabody Essex into the top tier of major art museums. [259][260] Persistent reports that the team was known in 1903 as the "Boston Pilgrims" appear to be unfounded. 25.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. [citation needed]. Many of the city's residents left and never returned, which opened the door for many immigrants living in Boston to "move up" to Chelsea. ), Report of the Free Public Library Commission of Massachusetts, v.9. The Waters Corporation is based in Milford. In early sources the Lincolnshire Boston was known as "St. Botolph's town", later contracted to "Boston". Worcester (/ w s t r / WUUS-tr, locally [wst]) is a city and county seat of Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.Named after Worcester, Worcestershire, England, as of the 2020 census the city's population was 206,518, making it the second-most populous city in New England after Boston. It is a community about 17 miles (27 km) southwest of Boston, Massachusetts, which is a 40-minute drive to Boston's financial district.Attractions include the Hinkley Pond and the Peak House. [105] More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded. By 1985, the majority of the original hospital wards were closed or abandoned. Continuous settlement by Europeans began in 1626 with English colonists. On April 15, 2013, two explosions killed three people and injured hundreds at the marathon. To immigrants living in crowded tenements in Boston's West End, East and South Ends, Chelsea was the next stop on their path of economic upward mobility. The 1,100-foot (340m) walkway extends from the area of the Salem Fire Station to the Salem Waterfront Hotel. Washington Avenue runs through this neighborhood. [26] The public library is located on Main Street. Boston has been a noted religious center from its earliest days. The New England militia impeded the movement of the British Army. Today Salem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the House of Seven Gables, Salem State University, Pioneer Village, the Salem Maritime National Historic Site, Salem Willows Park, and the Peabody Essex Museum. Medfield Library [catalog]. The district includes City Hall, modeled after Old Independence Hall in Philadelphia, the Public Library and Phoenix Charter Academy's campus. Schools such as the Boston Architectural College, Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Tufts University School of Medicine, Northeastern University, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music, the Boston Conservatory, and many others attract students to the area. A new $20 million Chelsea commuter rail station and "transit hub" was constructed at the Mystic Mall terminus of the new Silver Line route, so that trains no longer block Sixth Street. [176], In the 2018 Global Financial Centres Index, Boston was ranked as having the thirteenth most competitive financial services center in the world and the second most competitive in the United States. The latest version of the climate action plan anticipates between two and seven feet of sea-level rise in Boston by the end of the century. [86], Boston went into decline by the early to mid-20th century, as factories became old and obsolete and businesses moved out of the region for cheaper labor elsewhere. Also known as Westboro State Hospital, Westb | Abandoned, Hospital, Westborough May 7, 2020 - Basement room with extra fire doors and steam mist in the sunlight; Westborough State Hospital. [212] Boston EMS provides pre-hospital emergency medical services to residents and visitors. [175] The city is a major seaport along the East Coast of the United States and the oldest continuously operated industrial and fishing port in the Western Hemisphere. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19ft (5.8m) above sea level. Added to NRHP. Richard Trask of the Danvers Archival Center wrote, concerning the state's failure to preserve the Kirkbride complex, noting: The failure to protect and adaptively reuse this grand exterior is a monumental blot in the annals of Massachusetts preservation. While the asylum was established to provide residential treatment and care to the mentally ill, its functions expanded to include a training program for nurses in 1889 and a pathological research laboratory in 1895. The building will have an indoor bathrooma first at the ferry landingalong with a waiting room and possibly an outdoor area with awnings. Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. They flew in all kinds of weather, and the radio direction capabilities of the aircraft were of significant value in locating vessels in distress. The ultimate goal of this initiative is to enlist 500 Bostonians to participate in a free, in-home energy assessment. This area also receives the major television stations that serve the Boston area, which can be received over the air or through a cable or satellite provider. The Massachusetts Department of Public Health currently operates a Joint Commission accredited, 350-bed facility at Tewksbury By 2001, it was down to about 300 acres (1.2km2) and employed 450 people (including four psychologists) to care for a maximum of 147 patients. "Medfield" redirects here. Medfield's Free Public Library began in 1873. Satellite cities are in italics. [9][10] Medfield became the 43rd town in Massachusetts.[10]. Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. On April 3, 2003, the doors were closed. As of 2013, Medfield High School Seniors scored an average of 591 on the SAT Critical Reading Section, 618 on the SAT Math Section, and 598 on the SAT Writing Section.[23]. Newton is a suburban city approximately 7 mi (11 km) from downtown Boston, in Middlesex County, Massachusetts.The city is bordered by Waltham and Watertown on the north, Needham and the West Roxbury neighborhood of Boston on the south, Wellesley and Weston on the west, and Brookline and the Brighton neighborhood of Boston on the east.. Foreign trade returned after these hostilities, but Boston's merchants had found alternatives for their capital investments in the interim. The northwestern border of Peabody lies along the Ipswich River, with brooks feeding it, and the Waters River, a tributary They include the week-long Harborfest festivities[233] and a Boston Pops concert accompanied by fireworks on the banks of the Charles River.[234]. Native Americans lived in northeastern Massachusetts for thousands of years prior to European colonization of the Americas. [67] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.1 square miles (47km2), of which 8.1 square miles (21km2) is land and 9.9 square miles (26km2), or 55.09%, is water. It was built in 1874, and opened in 1878, under the supervision of prominent Boston architect Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee, on an isolated site in rural Massachusetts. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20million visitors per year. Both fires originated in Chelsea's "rag shop district," cluttered streets filled with junk shops hawking scraps, metal, and combustible items. This according to .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Shea, Andrea (July 19, 2017). [84], Logan International Airport opened on September 8, 1923. The Chelsea High School, Floramos, Wyndham Hotel, Boston's FBI regional field office, MGH Healthcare Center, and Mystic Mall (Market Basket, TJ Maxx, Home Goods, Five Guys) are located in this area. [83] The program started in January 2013 and will be free of charge for two years, allowing people to charge their electric cars and other electric vehicles for up to six hours. The British gave up, boarded their ships and sailed away. In 1633, a second smallpox epidemic struck, killing two of Nanepashemet's successors, Montowompate and Wonohaquaham, and leaving his remaining heir Wenepoykin scarred. [167][168] The area's schools are major employers and attract industries to the city and surrounding region. [191], The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) originated in Boston and was long known as "Boston Tech"; it moved across the river to Cambridge in 1916. Both parties came to an agreement and no blood was shed that day, but war broke out at Lexington and Concord soon after. In 1775, the Battle of Chelsea Creek was fought in the area, the second battle of the Revolution, at which American forces made one of their first captures of a British ship. Milford is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Samuel McIntire's house and workshop were located at 31 Summer Street in what is now the Samuel McIntire Historic District. Metro Credit Union and McDonald's have a large presence there as well. On the banks of Lake Chauncy sit the remains of the Westborough Insane Hospital, later known as Westborough State Hospital. Approved Shelter and Rescue Organizations [3], One of the building's most beautiful features was its breezeways, which were added in the 1890s to connect the end of the wards to the hospital's infirmary buildings. The sail frigate USSEssex was built at one of Enos Briggs's shipyards on Winter Island in 1799. [230] The city is a center for contemporary classical music with a number of performing groups, several of which are associated with the city's conservatories and universities. [120] Boston has a relatively sunny climate for a coastal city at its latitude, averaging over 2,600 hours of sunshine per annum. Boston has a strong mayorcouncil government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Located within the Box District neighborhood, the path connects Downtown Chelsea and Eastern Avenue stations.[37]. Population Estimates", "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts", "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts", "Population in the Colonial and Continental Periods", "Salem (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau", "Massachusetts Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990", "An Act Establishing Executive Councillor and Senatorial Districts", "Salem State University: Construction on New Residence Hall Begins", "Salem State University: Facts and Figures", "Boston Events and Things To Do in Boston in Boston", "Salem State University: Contact Us and Directions", "Salem State University: Massachusetts legislature accords Salem State university status; University designation will benefit region in numerous ways", "New Dorm Coming to Salem State University", "Time line of a crisis Local News SalemNews.com, Salem, MA", "Schools regroup; cops probe $4.7M deficit Local News SalemNews.com, Salem, MA", "St. Joseph School in Salem closing Local News SalemNews.com, Salem, MA", "The Witch House (Jonathan Corwin House), Salem, Massachusetts", "Salem Residents Oppose Planned 'Bewitched' Statue", "Controversial'Bewitched'statue besmirched by red paint", "Salem Massachusetts Friendship Overview", "Designation of National Park System Units", "The Schooner Fame The Salem Privateer Harbor Cruises in Salem, MA", "Salem Harborwalk opens amid appreciative crowd", "Grants will transform Peabody Street lot into park, harbor walk destination", "Peabody Essex Museum prepares for expansion", "Misery Islands - the Trustees of Reservations", "Salem Massachusetts Salem Architecture: McIntire", "A Very Grave Matter: Gravestones and Burying Grounds of New England Ancestors Genealogy First Settlers of New Hampshire Maine Massachusetts NH ME MA- powered by SmugMug", "The Elias Hasket Derby Federal Carved Mahogany Side Chair", "Antiques and Art Ireland Art Auctions and Antique Auctions in Ireland", "Architecture Walking Trail in the Samuel McIntire Historic District", "PEM Samuel McIntire: Carving an American Style Microsite", "Naturalization papers of Benjamin Pickman, Dudley Leavitt Pickman Papers, Phillips Library Collection, Peabody Essex Museum, pem.org/museum", "Chico considers establishing permanent sister city guidelines Chico Enterprise Record", "This resulted from the affiliation between Salem's Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) and the Ota Folk Museum in Japan", Salem South. Milford has been growing at a fast rate since the introduction of Interstate 495, which opened in the area with dual exits at Route 85 and Route 109 in 1969. These homes and mansions now make up the greatest concentrations of notable pre-1900 domestic structures in the United States. [7], Between 1940 and 1980, the population declined by 38 percent. The former and current Central Artery follow I-93 as the primary northsouth artery from the city. This is the second largest allocation of funding by the city after the allocation to Boston Public Schools. The city's growing Latino population has given rise to a number of local and regional Spanish-language newspapers. Asylum Postcards. The population was 12,799 according to the 2020 United States Census. With nearly a third of Bostonians using public transit for their commute to work, Boston has the fourth-highest rate of public transit usage in the country. [28][29], Being surrounded by foul-smelling mudflats during the temperate part of the year, the Shawmut Peninsula itself was more sparsely occupied than its surroundings before the arrival of Europeans. Situated on five campuses totaling 115 acres (0.47km2). In June 2008, a partnership with BU ended, and the schools returned to full local control. [3] Edward Alleyn, for example, had been granted 300 acres in 1642. After the ChesapeakeLeopard affair, Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807. The other areas are urban areas of cities that have an urban area of 150,000+ or of a metropolitan area of at least 250,000+. Over the years, newer buildings were constructed around the original Kirkbride, and alterations were made to the Kirkbride itself, such as a new gymnasium/auditorium on the area of the old kitchens and multiple solaria added onto the front of the wards. CASE STUDY: City of Boston, Massachusetts; third-most densely populated large U.S. city, largest per capita LGBT populations in the United States, List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income, sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world, John D. O'Bryant School of Math & Science, Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council, List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston, Highest Research Activity (R1) Universities, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lesley University College of Art and Design, List of hospitals in Massachusetts Boston, Harvard T.H. Demolition was done by Testa Corp. of Wakefield, Massachusetts. [46], Many crucial events of the American Revolution[47] occurred in or near Boston. [3] The land that Dedham contributed to the new village became Medfield, and the land the colony contributed eventually broke away to become Medway in 1713. Downtown Boston's streets grew organically, so they do not form a planned grid,[309] unlike those in later-developed Back Bay, East Boston, the South End, and South Boston. [265] The venue is also set to host the 2020 Laver Cup, an international men's tennis tournament consisting of two teams: Team Europe and Team World, the latter of which consisting of non-European players. Needless to say, it was difficult to snap many pictures. The per capita income for the city was $23,857. The Tobin Bridge, a major regional transportation artery, carries Route 1 from Chelsea across the Mystic River to Charlestown.[31]. At its peak in 1952, it housed 1,500 patients. '[223] From this, Boston has been called the "Athens of America" (also a nickname of Philadelphia)[224] for its literary culture, earning a reputation as "the intellectual capital of the United States".[225]. From the 1930s, juvenile facilities, crisis centers, sick wards, and group homes were added. Framed and planked of white oak and trunnel-fastened in the traditional manner, the replica of Fame was launched in 2003. In 1858, an amusement park was established at Juniper Point, a peninsula jutting into the harbor. According to Chelsea's 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[20] the top employers in the city are: Under City Manager Ambrosino, Chelsea has implemented several innovative data analysis and tracking programs.
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