Add tags for " / Feng Guifen ping zhuan". User-contributed reviews. [3] Later in his life, Feng became the leader of the jingshi school during the Tongzhi Restoration (1862-1874). Special Offers Email Address Field Feng Guifen on the Adoption of Western Learning (1860) An immensely talented scholar, Feng Guifen fled his hometown of Suzhou in the face of the Taiping Army and sought refuge in Shanghai. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). How could they be expected to pay attention to scholarly topics? Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461) Professional . (2004), A Biography of Feng Guifen (2004), The History of St. John's University (co-edited . V(Py_~Vj*K]p*-?T?m%L4+)~ 0Z6'Jgr\|9|a^l,2 ^RYM 8&'h#nfT&I4 :8|V"sZjUlrF{"7)7+ cd(&R0Y+=S2y* "on the adoption of western learning" by feng guifen According to Columbia University's Asia for Educators: " In the aftermath of Qing defeat in the Opium War (1839-1842) and the Arrow War (1856-1859), a number of Qing officials put forth and put into action proposals meant to increase the empire's military strength by adopting Western . Social Sciences. Lacking the means to combat both challenges to its authority, the Qing court acquiesced to a series of "unequal treaties" to confront the internal threats to their rule more ably. Log In Once logged in, you can add biography in the database. [3] He was the originator of the philosophy of the Self-Strengthening Movement undertaken in the late 19th century. Critical biography of Feng Guifen: Responsibility: Xiong Yuezhi zhu ; Nanjing da xue Zhongguo si xiang jia yan jiu zhong xin. These Confucian Pragmatists maintained that the Chinese people were intellectually superior, and that all that was required was to learn, then equal and finally surpass the . Since there was a need, we established special schools to enroll children from poor families to study both Chinese and Western languages. This can be changed at once if only the emperor would set us in the right direction.". Even worse, they slowly adopted the bad habits of Westerners. Similar Items. FENG Guifen Fng Gufn 1809-1874 Chinese intellectual and official. It was then that Feng wrote his well-known Jiaobinlu kangyi (Protest from the Jiaobin Studio). , that the adoption of Western arms could be justified on grounds of utility and practicality, as a means of defending China and preserving Chinese civilization. Afterwards, we will understand the crucial elements of our foreign policy and manage them more appropriately. Western Governors University; University of California Los Angeles; Silver Creek High School (Colorado) . By comparison should we not be ashamed? Cloudflare Ray ID: 764c2a150a6a989a ca. x[rX1 $Z_W0?h VUURbiQ=uHK*$aqp|VfgAk5@!a %Db?w B6>$Hm1K)!iR^U\Zd%rxEjLt5t7Cs7Cr!]@!fB Sd$FTA V>@=!Wz9O1C(T S =2MoZU*oW cAFV"I8b Z0>Ii0=6r'k_8I09\w28;{~` 5=Pyko91:R+JeMYcs&D'g//7a7hAo6~X@;Rj{%Y~}=3'W wG!~=C=zp_H2\to5,hi8 A [VO|ld~a?Mg$1q,E=CcPo:3[^U =-/OLXtb8C>q';HquYu\~JaL9qR>@!n*Sa~}dwk7#%{#\TN[(Xy'lLvWwyIor-E:+SFOo"T~D+R|~8aGrUU~ hUM|c\Ij +[e?CP+=L+F:b(ON In his work On the Adoption of Western Learning, he suggested adopting western technology while retaining what was uniquely Chinese in their culture. 1850), Zhang Zhidong, "Exhortation to Learn" (1898), Kang Youwei, "The Need for Reforming Institutions" (1898) and more. The Self-Strengtheners' Rebuttal, 1867 Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study Xue Fucheng: On Reform Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn Since the expansion of trade over the past 20 years, many foreigners have learned our language and studied our literature. [2] Feng is known for his interest in techniques by which states had become wealthy and strong, highlighting these subjects in the essay he wrote to propose reforms for the Chinese empire. AB!N4R7H!J( o%~. Assertion that adoption of western technology is not contradictory to traditional Confucian . Handling For Flammable. As these calls reached a fever pitch in the 1850s, the Qing court was simultaneously faced with widespread internal rebellions, which required the expenditure of considerable military, political, and fiscal resources. Famous scholars from within China should be hired to teach the classics, history, and other subjects. In it he warned the Chinese of the difference between the old Confucian world and the new world that had resulted from the intrusion of Western power and technology into China; he argued that the Chinese could best meet the Western challenge by learning the technology themselves. Negotiations for peace or war are carried out without fully understanding the matters at hand. Related Subjects: (6) Feng, Guifen, -- 1809-1874. . [2] Like other intellectuals and Qing officials such as Wenxiang, Zeng Guofan, and Zuo Zongtang,[7] Feng argued for self-strengthening and industrialization by borrowing western technology and military systems,[8] while retaining core Neo-Confucian principles. Roughly speaking, many parallels to the history of Western philosophy can be discerned in . Most of this information is unavailable to people in China. What does Feng Guifen see as China's weaknesses? Others felt that China could . There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Regardless, the root of Qing reform efforts emerged from the dynasty's efforts to suppress the numerous mid-nineteenth-century rebellions. RONG HONG (1828-1912)More familiar to Western readers as Yung Wing, Rong Hong traveled to the United States in 1847, became a US citizen in 1852, graduated from Yale in 1854, and served as an early emissary between China and the United States. (Rangaku) 1771 Biography: Japanese doctor, wrote "A Guide to Dutch Learning". [5], During the Taiping Rebellion, Feng organized a local militia to fight the rebels. Feng's proposals to develop the Chinese economy and to manufacture modern weaponry along Western lines. The former was the chief of the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism). He outlined a plan for maritime defense which included "building ships, making weapons, and learning the superior techniques of the barbarians." In the decades that followed . ZENG GUOFAN (1811-1872)A strict Confucian who nonetheless championed progressive fiscal and military reforms in the early 1860s, helping the Qing to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. 7-HG.h)7=0r9&f-V['w]'\2>O46+F+ Feng was born to a family of wealthy Suzhou landowners in Wuxian in China's Jainsu Province in 1809. Their character is rough and shallow, their intentions despicable. An immensely talented scholar, Feng Guifen fled his hometown of Suzhou in the face of the Taiping Army and sought refuge in Shanghai. [4] After finishing a degree in jinshi, he started working as a compiler at the Hanlin Academy in 1840 and later became the civil service examination supervisor in Guangxi Province. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Feng-Guifen. If we want to use Western learning, it is necessary to create translation academies at Guangdong and Shanghai. Psychology. that Feng wrote his well-known Jiaobinlu kangyi ("Protest from the Jiaobin Studio"). Some Confucian scholars urged studying the "barbarian" technology of the west in order to resist western intervention. According to "On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons" and "On the Adoption of Western Learning," was Feng was born during a family of made suzhou landowners in wuxian in china in 1809.After finishing his studies he started . Academic library - free online college e textbooks - info{at}ebrary.net - 2014 - 2022. On the Adoption of Western Learning: Featured in Macworld - one of the best history sites on the web. If this proposal is implemented, if many more people study foreign languages surely many more people with high standards and character will appear among them. Even as Chinese officials began using Western military technology to suppress the Taiping and other rebellions, a small group of Chinese literati suggested that Western learning should also be employed to address China's domestic problems. it is only that hitherto we have not made use of them. . Directories Newly added. Feng Guifen; Chapter 4 Western Methods, Chinese Core Cixi; Chapter 5 New Citizen Liang Qichao; Chapter 6 A Sheet of Loose Sand Sun Yat-sen; Chapter 7 New Youth Chen Duxiu; Chapter 8 Unification Chiang Kai-shek; Chapter 9 Not a Dinner Party Mao Zedong, Part I; Chapter 10 Creative Destruction Mao Zedong, Part II; Our flexible, affordable, entirely digital readers help you focus your classroom on primary sources. The especially gifted students who practically apply their learning should be recommended by the Minister of Trade to receive the juren degree as a reward. Rent or buy Sources of Chinese Tradition - 9780231112703. One of these was Feng Guifen (Feng Kuei-fen). For Yixin, these putative similarities between China and the West do not broker mutual equality, but rather enable the former to "learn from" (xue) the latter, "perhaps to overtake them at some future time." 13 Contemporary reformist literati such as Feng Guifen were explicit that such learning implied more than imitation: it extended . A native of South China, Feng came into frequent contact with Westerners in the large trading city of Shanghai. [4] After finishing a degree in jinshi, he started working as a compiler at the Hanlin Academy in 1840 and later became the civil service examination supervisor in Guangxi Province. Simply looking for a way to feed and clothe themselves they begin to work for Westerners. tB9dD +:G E[b$bPJWYnZ. . Exhibits. [4] He also finally served as a private secretary to the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Li Hongzhang. . ]5GdpVl|#YC S$&*^1wrqTRZ%K9Q2-3Lg2]RZeB)M 'H(_3izK#_;/5^c i;Dp= G?-?9 :P9BBJ"tU!V\~@ One of the main responsibilities of government is education. discussed in biography. 7aj8HfRy_P,hqfk>*g,M@zm8 Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons On the Adoption of Western Learning Principle Versus Practicality? "We have only one thing to learn from the barbarians, and that is strong ships and effective guns.". Some of them can even read our classics and history, recognize our statutes and administration, and know our geography and customs. 4 0 obj The question remains open, however, about what features allowed one trajectory or the other to (Local Clusters in Global Value Chains: Linking Actors and Territories Through Manufacturing and Innovation), (Principles and Methods of Transformative Action Research: A Half Century of Living and Doing Collaborative Inquiry). The Self-Strengtheners' Rebuttal, 1867 Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study Xue Fucheng: On Reform Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn United Hearts The Three Mainstays or Bonds Rectifying Political . stream precociously bright scholar, he achieved his jinshi degree at the age of 32 and was immediately appointed to the prestigious Hanlin Academy. In the years following the Treaty of Nanjing (1842), China obtained only a temporary respite from the demands of Western imperialist powers who wanted ever-increasing commercial, diplomatic, and religious privileges. Collective behavior research from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the scholastic progenitor to social movements research, offers the earliest view of false information, viewing crowds (including protests) as irrational and susceptible to rumour (Garner 1997). In Feng Guifen. I lament the fact that our foreign affairs, the key concern for our government, are dependent upon such people. [9] The second proposed constitutional changes, particularly the reallocation of political power and status. Arguing for a comprehensive reform of the country along Western lines, he envisioned the selective adoption of Western ideas as a way to supplement . "Moderate Reform and the Self-strengthening Movement" p. 233-249 in Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 through the 20th Century (2000) In chapter 30 of Debary and Lutrano's work, the authors offer several excerpts from primary sources to introduce the debate over whether China should embrace Western learning and Feng Guifen On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons (1861) . The advocates of this "self-strengthening" were not wholesale advocates of Western ideas and technology; rather, many of them believed they could graft the "substance" [fz] of Confucian culture to the "utility" [yong of Western technology. 1860.Today the world is 90,000 li around. The following document is part of Feng's 40 Essays of Protest, initially written during his time in Shanghai and then circulated among influential scholar-officials of the day. Who engage in trivial affairs, and can not distinguish the truth from lies [. 1771 biography: Japanese doctor, wrote & quot ; by Feng 1! 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