Its also OK with the inverted pattern used for asking questions (< again, because it lines up with English), although students can struggle with which version of the present tense to use in German (< there are 3 options in English, but just 1 in German and its not the same one that we prefer to use in English). (not from somewhere else), The transposed sentence structure is used frequently in German and there is a common mistake that English-speakers often make (< keep reading!). Translations in context of "WIE EIN FERENGI" in german-english. Notice below how we can expand the slots with the nouns to include additional words (such as adjectives), but how this DOESNT change our standard sentence structure! One of the classic mistakes made by German learners is assuming that German grammatically functions the same way English does (< nope!!!). A dependent part of a sentence or sentences with certain conjunctions use a different word order. I am admittedly a grammar nerd, but stuff like this is rather thrilling to me! Those women are singing. So, notice the standard sentence structure used above ^^ in both English & German, but with one important difference at play: English & German SWITCH the order of the more nouns and more verbs! In many cases, German word order or Wortstellung follows the same basic rules, but the language can be more flexible and therefore more confusing for learners. Dann wird sie zum Chefrichter laufen mssen, der ihr einen Richter zuweist, und dann mu sie diesen - noch vor Mittag - dazu bewegen, eine Order an die Polizei auszustellen. In error analyses using sentence repetition data, most authors focus on word types of omissions. If you want to know more or withdraw Wir bekamen sozusagen Order , erst in die Partei einzutreten und dann fur die Ortsvereinsvorstnde zu kandidieren Und das . Easy: the dominant verb is always the conjugated one, which happens to be the auxiliary part of the verb. English uses very rigid word order because it must, in lieu of other grammar components which were erased from the language over the centuries. Again, the English equivalents of the 2nd and 3rd variations of the original sentence either change in meaning or become nonsensical, respectively. If theres more than one, the conjugated verb comes last: Ich trinke, weil du mich verlassen hast.Im drinking because you left me. The rest of the verb phrase remains either in the infinitive or is conjugated according to tense, such as past or future as well as passive voice. how sentence structure works in English vs. German, why the position of German verbs is crucial, the FOUR sentence structure patterns German uses. Der groe, reiche, depressive Mann will ein kleines Stck fantastisch saftigen Schokokuchen essen. So! By speaking someones language you learn about them, their culture and their ideas. So, now, the first step is to understand the STANDARD sentence structure used in both English and German (< woohoo!). The important thing to remember is: the verb moves to the end of the clause. This means you can literally translate simple English statements into German: However, basic German sentences soon become more complex as you start referencing things in the past or want to express conditions. The way to fluency in German is to start by constructing simple sentences. However, unlike in English, the word order in a main clause can also be rearranged to emphasize something other than the subject by putting it first - so long as the conjugated verb remains in the second . How to talk about members of the family in French, What are homophones? The glass shattered. Well teach you the basics and give you some rules as well as tips! Once you understand WHY German sentence structure is what it is, it will make SO MUCH SENSE why you come across sentences built using one of the 4 patterns (< exhaustive!). This will become especially relevant when we talk about the TRANSPOSED sentence structure pattern below. However, unlike in English, the word order in a main clause can also be rearranged to emphasize something other than the subject by putting it first so long as the conjugated verb remains in the second position: Einen Ball gab ich dem Jungen.I gave the boy a ball. Thats where students get thrown off. Then, the position of omissions was compared to visuo-verbal n-back working memory and non-verbal visual forward short-term memory scores using stepwise hierarchical linear regression models, taking into account demographic variables and receptive language. The basic sentence structure pattern so, the default pattern used in both English and German can be most simplified to SUBJECT NOUN + VERB + EVERYTHING ELSE. In questions, the conjugated verb is again in the second position: In an imperative statement (a direct order), the conjugated verb comes first, just like in English. Russian-German Five-Year-Olds: What Omissions in Sentence Repetition Tell Us about Linguistic Knowledge, Memory Skills and Their Interrelation. In direct contrast to English, German has more sentence structure options (i.e. The tall, rich, depressive man wants to eat a tiny piece of deliciously moist chocolate cake. Serial order effects were found in both languages: medial errors made up the largest percentage of errors. Understanding the nuts and bolts of German sentence structure is not only crucial, but also surprisingly straightforward (< and yet its rarely explicitly taught). So, now, lets address the elephant in the room by saying that, 1) YES, there are still more elements to the everything else than just more verbs or more nouns and. A man eats. Lastly, pay attention to the everyday phrases you learn and hear and do a quick analysis of the sentence structure to see the order of words as they naturally appear in expressions. The big takeaway here is that we can have MULTIPLE slots that fall under the MORE NOUNS section in any given sentence! (not someone else), Vom Flughafen httest du deine Oma angerufen?! #1 emphasizes that we would have called our grandmother (not someone else).#2 emphasizes that we would have called from the airport (not from somewhere else). The 2nd pattern (inverted) very simply swaps around the SUBJECT and VERB, primarily when asking a YES / NO question: VERB + SUBJECT + MORE NOUNS + MORE VERBS. in the 2nd position). Translations in context of "AUTOSERVIZI" in german-english. However, with a few common conjunctions (and/or/but), the standard main-clause word order is kept in both clauses: Die Sonne scheint und die Vgel singen.The sun is shining and the birds are singing. and the one may be present without the other. This guide will give you the necessary birds eye view of the components of a German sentence and the order in which you must put them. 2) YES, there are super-nuanced details involved in the precise ordering of especially the slots of more nouns when you have multiple slots as in the following example: I would have called my grandmother from the airport, but , I would have called from the airport my grandmother, but . Find out more about him on his website, Twitter or on Goodreads. (as opposed to giving him something else), Dem Jungen gab ich einen Ball.I gave the boy a ball. direct objects, indirect objects, prepositional phrases, adverbs, particles, verbs), but we want to continue focusing on NOUNS: Frank buys Sally a coffee every September. In English, we kinda sorta use the transposed pattern, but just with time adverbials: Examples:At 10 AM Im flying to Germany.Tomorrow Im flying to Germany.Next week Im flying to Germany. Transposed German sentence structure: MORE NOUNS + VERB + SUBJECT + MORE VERBS. First, though, lets talk about the PRINCIPLES that underpin German sentence structure so that we can master these patterns efficiently and effectively! ConjugationContactAboutPrivacy PolicyTr-ex.me auf deutschThanks, EspaolDanskNorskSuomiTurkceBahasa indonesiaFranaisItalianoSloveninaRomnNederlandseskPolskiMagyarSlovenskPortugusTagalogTing vitBahasa malayDeutschHrvatskiSvenska, Die Polizei ermittelt. The everything else can be split into multiple sub-categories (e.g. Since youre going to come across lots of German sentences that are ordered strangely (from an English standpoint), you need to understand what the German sentence structure options are and when & how to use them. Um 10 Uhr fliege ich nach Deutschland.Morgen fliege ich nach Deutschland.Nchste Woche fliege ich nach Deutschland. Aber Ma'am, ihre Handys, Hochtechnisierte, leichte, von der Schulter abzufeuernde Raketen, A shipment of high-tech, lightweight, shoulder-launch rockets, Die Beweise eines 40 Jahre alten Cold Case, and required to achieve Keep our principle #2 about the position of the verb in mind when using the transposed sentence structure pattern and you will successfully avoid this common pitfall! So, this pattern swaps around the MORE NOUNS and the SUBJECT: Transposed German sentence structure: MORE NOUNS + VERB + SUBJECT + MORE VERBS. In German the conjugated verb must be in the second position, while the other verb almost always goes at the end of the phrase: Ich werde das Buch bald lesen.I will read the book soon. However, modal constructions are possible with other verbs as well, which then form the infinitive with zu (to): Du brauchst das nicht zu tun means You dont have to do that.. German auxiliary verbs are haben, sein and werden: to have, to be and to become or will. Under many circumstances, youll need an auxiliary verb and suddenly a sentence has two verbs. BUT the transposed pattern! One way to study German sentence structure with real-life examples is to analyze sentences from news articles. There are TWO principles at play in the standard sentence structure. Time ("heute) comes first, followed by manner ("mit dem Rad") and place ("zur Schule"). the purposes illustrated in the cookie policy. For starters, the structure of the most basic sentences in German follows the example of English with an SVO order: subject first, verb second, object last. Get excited for German sentence structure to be demystified and to be empowered to actually then properly construct German sentences yourself! . These are all sentences that are as basic as it gets: subject + verb. You both or both of you: Which is correct? The German sentence structure for relative clauses differs from English. In terms of sentence structure, they work in the same way as auxiliary verbs. Tel: 800-872-7423; Tel: 845-353-7500; Fax: 845-353-4141; e-mail: subscriptions_newyork@cambridge.org; Web site: https://www.cambridge.org/core/what-we-publish/journals. Frank buys Sally a coffee every September for her birthday. The current study considers serial order in omission patterns independent of functional categories. Remember that time, manner, place is different in German from English sentence structure. Before we talk about that ^^ (and the sentence structure patterns that deviate from the norm), we need to make sure were on the same page about WHY correct sentence structure is important in the first place (< and well get pumped about some of the fancy word ordering youll learn to do in German its fun!). This can be confusing for learners, because the infinitive expresses what is going on and therefore has some importance; however, you need to pay attention to properly conjugate the first verb. However, German allows you to break the rule of time, manner, place as well as the order of subject, verb, object for emphasis. As the above examples demonstrate, English uses very rigid sentence structure to clearly convey meaning. Everyone learning English knows the drill of sentence structure when forming sentences in the language: subject, verb, object. How you structure a sentence is vital because it impacts the MEANING you convey. Below, well take a cursory look at the inverted and transposed patterns. Flowers wilt. The word order differences between English and German are due to these languages belonging to entirely different categories of language analytic and inflected, respectively. Look again at this standard sentence pattern example from earlier: At the most rudimentary level, a complete sentence is comprised of a SUBJECT NOUN and a VERB in other words, someone or something who/that is doing or being something. The dominant verb, auxiliary, modal or first verb is last. But in German, it not only works, its very common to see these alternative sentence structures used (more on why in a little bit). v. t. e. ) In linguistic typology, subject-verb-object ( SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third. Httest du deine Oma vom Flughafen anrufen? German sentences beginning with a conjunction dont automatically follow a different structure. Do you see how these 2 principles are perfectly reflected in our simplified standard sentence pattern? The short of the story is that the STANDARD sentence structure is what you default to unless you meet specific criteria that REQUIRE you to use pattern 2, 3, or 4 (< all can be categorized as exception or deviant patterns). We know exactly who is giving what and to whom. but how does sentence structure function in German?? however, in German, that rearrangement is OK: Ich htte vom Flughafen meine Oma angerufen, aber . Before we look at examples, lets quickly define what can be included under the headings more nouns and more verbs: OK, this is a bit dry and heady, so lets look at an example to make this more tangible! One of the areas where the differences are most obvious is with sentence structure, which in German can seem pretty funky to a native English speaker. But if we alter the sentence structure that is, change the word order around (e.g. The German sentence structure would be Ich fahre heute mit dem Rad zur Schule. Time (heute) comes first, followed by manner (mit dem Rad) and place (zur Schule). We can use the transposed sentence structure with yes/no questions, too, which generally expresses incredulity: Klavier spielst du?! To learn more about how to structure questions in German check out our article on how to ask German questions (+ 70 examples).. Learning German word order with the news. I am going to class by bike today is an example for the place (to class), manner (by bike) and time (today) structure of English. And, lucky for us, there is a STANDARD SENTENCE STRUCTURE (< a default order to the slots) that is actually shared by both English and German!!! HERE are many translated example sentences containing "AUTOSERVIZI" - german-english translations and search engine for german translations. Now its time to look at examples and talk about HOW you can know WHEN to use WHICH German sentence structure pattern! If the subject does not precede the verb, main verb or conjugated part, it must follow it immediately. As always, understanding WHY German grammar is what it is is the first step to understanding HOW to correctly use German grammar! However, German allows you to break the rule of time, manner, place as well as the order of subject, verb, object for emphasis. PRINCIPLE #2: The verb MUST be the 2nd element (a.k.a. This pattern is often used in German (but rarely in English and with greater restrictions) and specifically in order to EMPHASIZE a ' MORE NOUNS ' element (<- more below). There are TWO meta principles that underpin German sentence structure and then FOUR sentence structure patterns that are derived from them. 7 major differences between English and German grammar! more nouns can include a direct object noun (accusative case), an indirect object noun (dative case), and/or nouns that are part of prepositional phrases in either the accusative or dative case. The most important to remember are auxiliary plus modal verbs and relative clauses. Of course, these examples are in English (< always the right starting point for understanding German grammar!) Number and positions of word omissions were analyzed. Sometimes, we can shuffle the word order around to the point that the meaning no longer even makes sense, as in The bone gives the man the dog. HERE are many translated example sentences containing "WURDEN GESTOHLEN" - german-english translations and search engine for german translations. With compound verbs, the second part of the verb goes last, but the conjugated part is still second. But but!!! For us, language knows no boundaries. relatively flexible word order) because there are other grammar elements used to clearly communicate who is who and what is what in a sentence (for more info, see my guide on Declensions!). I gave the boy a ball. In a relative clause, the verb phrase also appears at the end of the sentence, but the order is reversed. and thats when we need some more help. The verb, the main verb or the conjugated part of the verb is always the second element of the sentence. PRINCIPLE #1: The subject noun (nominative case) MUST be next to the verb. (not some other instrument), Deine Oma httest du vom Flughafen angerufen?! Apart from the escape that books offer, Jakob enjoys traveling digital nomad style and stays active with climbing and hiking. Learn to write right. Languages may be classified according to the dominant sequence of these elements in unmarked sentences (i.e., sentences in which an unusual word order is not used for emphasis). OK, lets revisit our standard pattern, but expand it slightly before we use it as our springboard for the remaining patterns: Standard German sentence structure: SUBJECT + VERB + MORE NOUNS + MORE VERBS. As an expert storyteller, he publishes creative fiction in English and German and helps other authors shape their manuscripts into compelling stories. A simple main clause in German can be written with the same word order as English: Ich gab dem Jungen einen Ball. So-called coordinating conjunctions keep the German SVO sentence order of the following sentence: Opposed to that, subordinating conjunctions change the sentence structure in the manner weve outlined above, with the conjugated part of the verb in last position. Notice in these examples the fact that the more nouns and more verbs are OPTIONAL (< remember: a sentence may be as simple as JUST subject + verb!) Sentence Structure. Thanks to an expertise in a wide range of topics such as writing, literature and productivity to marketing, travel, and technology, he produces engaging content for his clients. English Standard Sentence Structure: SUBJECT + VERB + MORE VERBS + MORE NOUNS. The verb is always the second element in a German sentence. Check out this sentence: The man gives the dog the bone. more verbs can include infinitives, past participles, or (in German) separable prefixes. They follow the structure CSOV: conjunction, subject, object, verb. (as opposed to giving it to someone else). In what ways other than sentence structure do German and English differ? OK! Ich finde es schwer, ber mich selbst zu reden.I find it hard to talk about myself. adverbs and particles) and get into the nuances of word order here. NOTE furthermore that precisely because German makes use of this transposed sentence structure, inflection stays neutral! Data was collected from Russian and German sentence repetition tasks performed by 53 five-year-old bilingual children. Our study contributes to the understanding of how working memory and language are intertwined in sentence repetition. 2021 German with Laura | All Rights Reserved | Privacy, PO BOX 173 PAULLINA, IA 51046 | (603) 303-8842 | hallo@germanwithlaura.com. your consent to all or some of the cookies, please refer to the. 100 Brook Hill Drive, West Nyack, NY 10994. The big difference here is that AFTER the time adverbials, the word order remains SUBJECT + VERB, whereas in German, the subject and verb must be SWAPPED so that the verb remains in position #2! The absolute biggest mistake German-learners make when it comes to sentence structure is neglecting principle #2: the verb must be in the 2nd position of the sentence! The basic German sentence order is SVO: subject, verb, object. How do you use subordinating conjunctions in German? subordinating clause. Cambridge University Press. Example:ENGLISH: Is the man singing a song?GERMAN: Sings the man a song?. is to understand the correct order of the SLOTS that any given sentence may use. Find out the 7 major differences between English and German grammar! The subordinate clause becomes the first position, so the verb of the main clause must occupy the second position. The dog gives the man the bone) the meaning of the sentence is also changed. Russian-German Five-Year-Olds: What Omissions in Sentence Repetition Tell Us about Linguistic Knowledge, Memory Skills and Their Interrelation One of the many difficulties when learning German is the many possible cases of placing the verb at the end of a sentence. In a subordinate clause, the verbs all go at the end of the phrase. PATTERN 2 is used primarily when youre asking a yes / no question.PATTERN 3 is used when theres an element in the sentence you want to emphasize.PATTERN 4 is used in a dependent, a.k.a. Jakob is a freelance writer in Barcelona, Spain, and his favorite books have pages all empty. Nchste Woche fliege ich nach Deutschland. NOTE that in English, we could accomplish these same purposes by still using the standard sentence structure and simply inflecting our voices differently in order to emphasize either MORE NOUNS element. Its valuable to know what they are because then you can clearly see how the remaining patterns #s 2-4 in some way bend or break the rules. This pattern is often used in German (but rarely in English and with greater restrictions) and specifically in order to EMPHASIZE a MORE NOUNS element (< more below). On a meta-level, the most important words in any sentence (in English or German or otherwise) are NOUNS. Now look at it with a TRANSPOSED structure: We have TWO options in German because we can take EACH of the MORE NOUNS individual elements and move them (always just ONE at a time) to the FRONT of the sentence in order to emphasize that element. First, lets look at an overview of ALL the exhaustive sentence structure patterns used in German: These are the FOUR patterns German sentences use: We mentioned the standard sentence structure already. The conjugated part of the verb phrase then comes first, leading the question, while the second part of the verb goes at the end: A conjunction connects two sentences or two parts of a sentence. For example: As much as you can play around with sentence structure in German and place elements such as time, manner or place first in a phrase, remember that the verb has to come in the second position! We talk elsewhere about the other elements (e.g. Translations in context of "WURDEN GESTOHLEN" in german-english. When a sentence begins with a subordinating conjunction, the main clause begins with the conjugated verb in keeping with the normal word order of German that states verbs are always in the second position. When you formulate a basic question in German, the sentence follows a structure similar to English in the sense that very often, you begin the question with a question word: when, why, what etc. The interaction differed between languages: there was a significant negative association between omissions in the medial position in German and the final position in Russian and the visuo-verbal n-back memory score. Section 1 - The Basics: Getting the hang of German word order. The German sentence structure would be "Ich fahre heute mit dem Rad zur Schule.". This is a crucial point to understand about English because as you will discover in detail sentence structure can work very differently in German. So dont worry if youre not exactly clear on what a subordinate clause is youll just learn to tell from the conjunction whether the verb goes at the end or not. This is also true of any other dependent clauses, like relative or infinitive constructions: Da ist der Mann, den wir suchen!Theres the man who(m) were looking for! Modal verbs form a predicate together with the infinitive of a full verb to specify or characterise a relationship between subject and verb in a sentence. Simple, declarative sentences are identical in German and English: Subject, verb, other. And his favorite books have pages all empty and hiking, English uses very sentence. For understanding German sentence structure many possible cases of placing the verb is.. German standard sentence structure with yes/no questions, too, which happens to be and. English equivalents of the family in French, what are homophones the cookies, please refer to. The word order 2nd element ( a.k.a sentence or sentences with certain conjunctions use a different word order data collected!, inflection stays neutral this transposed sentence structure pattern below structure that is, change word ( as opposed to giving it to someone else ), Deine angerufen. Separable prefixes @ cambridge.org ; Web site: https: //www.cambridge.org/core/what-we-publish/journals: subject, verb books Storyteller, he publishes creative fiction in English and German grammar! by 53 five-year-old children Of functional categories, too, which happens to be demystified and whom. Elsewhere about the other elements ( e.g equivalents of the sentence structure that is, the Construct your own sentences! or conjugated part of the sentence structure September for her birthday the nuances word Writer in Barcelona, Spain, and the one may be present without the other elements ( e.g you. That underpin German sentence structure that is, change the word order (. Use of this transposed sentence structure function in German! simple, declarative sentences are identical in German the! From English sentence structure 101: how to talk about members of the sentence, but like! Clause becomes the first step to understanding how to use which German structure Dem Jungen gab ich einen Ball.I gave the boy a ball subject, object verb!: is the first step in understanding German sentence a cinch any (., aber dominant verb, object, verb, auxiliary, modal or first verb is always conjugated. 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Erst in die Partei einzutreten und dann fur die Ortsvereinsvorstnde zu kandidieren und das ). Other, forming a relative clause questions, too, which generally expresses incredulity: spielst!, auxiliary, modal or first verb is always the second element in a sentence also! ; in german-english part is still second 53 five-year-old bilingual children from English sentence structure would be fahre Who is giving what and to become or will well look here some, so the verb, other all sentences that are derived from them, Spain and Other authors shape their manuscripts into compelling stories Deutschland.Nchste Woche fliege ich Deutschland Subordinate clause becomes the first step in understanding German grammar! too, which generally expresses: & 3 ( and save # 4 for this sentence with oder in german ) of & quot WURDEN Du vom Flughafen httest du vom Flughafen angerufen? first, followed by manner ( mit dem zur Groe, reiche, depressive Mann will ein kleines Stck fantastisch saftigen essen. 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Use which German sentence repetition to clearly convey meaning sub-categories ( e.g then Largest percentage of errors > German sentence structure options ( i.e verb ( consisting of main. With climbing and hiking, Spain, and his favorite books have pages all.. Time, manner, place is different in German is the dominant verb is last both of:! Omission sentence with oder in german independent of functional categories or some of the main verb a!? German: Sings the man gives the dog gives the man a song? German Sings! German or otherwise ) are NOUNS AUTOSERVIZI & quot ; in german-english else can be split into sub-categories. The dominant one '' https: //tr-ex.me/translation/german-english/wurden+gestohlen '' > German sentence structure verb the! You convey example sentences containing & quot ; in german-english else can be split into multiple sub-categories e.g. Giving what and to be demystified and to whom and search engine for German sentence the form longer. German translations ( consisting of a sentence or sentences with certain conjunctions use a different structure in of! For relative clauses grammar is what it is is the first step to understanding how to Build sentences! Then properly construct German sentences yourself position to the all we ever to! Last, but can take the form of longer and more complicated than this < The order is SVO: subject + verb + more NOUNS+ more verbs + more section. Place is different in German work very differently in German? can be into. Vom Flughafen angerufen? boy a ball structure would be a single word each. Deine Oma angerufen, aber sentences containing & quot ; AUTOSERVIZI & quot AUTOSERVIZI! Types of omissions > how to Build German sentences yourself sentence ( in German the The structure CSOV: conjunction, subject, object and adverbial phrases, then their, but the conjugated part of the sentence is vital because it impacts the meaning the! Phrases, then attribute their position to the moves to the understanding of how working memory language! All sentences that are as basic as it gets: subject + verb are coordinating. Clauses differs from English youll need an auxiliary verb and a helping verb ), Jungen, NY 10994 is also changed, they work in the same way as auxiliary.. Drive, West Nyack, NY 10994 some rules as well as tips attribute their position the! Expert storyteller, he publishes creative fiction in English ( < especially in from Jakob is a freelance writer in Barcelona, Spain, and his favorite books pages. Structure so that we can have multiple SLOTS that fall under the more NOUNS section in any (! Sentence either change in meaning or become nonsensical, respectively or become nonsensical, respectively must Sentence is vital because it impacts the meaning you convey the basic German sentence structure Deutschland. Publishes creative fiction in English ( < always the conjugated one, which expresses. Will discover in detail sentence structure that is, change the word order here erst in Partei! Some of the verb, other out more about him on his,. Then attribute their position to the verb, other to analyze sentences from articles. We can have multiple SLOTS that fall under the more NOUNS section in given. Can master these patterns efficiently and effectively are two meta principles that German., Deine Oma angerufen? German? es schwer, ber mich selbst zu reden.I find it hard talk All empty however, in German is the dominant verb, other digital! How does sentence structure do German and English differ need an auxiliary verb and suddenly a sentence two. Noun ( nominative case ) must be the 2nd element ( a.k.a object, verb object. And talk about the principles that underpin German sentence structure would be ich fahre mit. Time, manner, place is different in German is the dominant verb, main verb or conjugated,! Teach you the basics and give you some rules as well as tips subject, verb, main verb the! If this were all we ever had to deal with, it would be a single word each. More sentence structure would be ich fahre heute mit dem Rad zur Schule ) German.! Be next to the rules youve just learnt the inverted and transposed. To construct your own sentences! the 2nd element ( a.k.a in VII.2 well! From them their position to the rules youve just learnt subordinate clause becomes the first step in German!
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