But how does all of this work? For starters, a few custom errors can be defined to shield the client from the internals of CloudKit, and a simple delegate protocol can inform the client of remote updates to the underlying Note data. Notice the role and permission for each user. The exact version of the record you tried to save. As I mentioned, the SharingProvider includes, and I encourage you to check out their implementations. - Accepting a shared note will now move it to the top level of your notes folder - Fixed a bug where clicking on the month name on macOS shifted the calendar weeks - Improved website titles when pasting a web link in NotePlan - iCloud Drive sync is now hidden as a sync option for new users since Cloudkit provides a better sync experience Manage Settings What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? Due to network latency, airplane mode, and such, CloudKit will internally handle retries and such for operations at a qualityOfService of utility or lower. [music]. Apple added sharing to CloudKit. It has a wide variety of actions I can take. It rejects specific requests with enough error context in the response to allow each client to make a local, enlightened decision about how to resolve the conflict. Then, I set its CloudKit container options databaseScope property to .shared. These options are accessed and modified by tapping the Share Options item at the bottom of the cloud sharing controller view. Please check your Internet connection and try again. Although iCloud is only available to Apple customers, CloudKit provides an incredibly powerful platform upon which to build really interesting and user-friendly, multi-client applications with a truly minimal server-side investment. Photos implements a system control here in the lower left that allows me to call up an Action sheet. CKAsset data is handled via local temporary files containing the corresponding data. A record? Once youve completed these steps, the data in your app then automagically sync with iCloud. Instead of invoking methods on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer directly, I built a protocol that exposes a specific method for each customization I needed. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. Finally, an object may not always be mutable, and individual participants can have different permissions. You can think of the name as the primary key of the record in a simple database sense (names must be unique, for example). You see a travel journal screen with an empty state message and a button. class NSPersistentCloudKitContainerEventRequest A request to fetch setup, import, or export events in a persistent CloudKit container. Here I used isShared to decide whether or not to convert the title of a post to an attributed string and prefix it with the person.circle symbol to show that the post is part of a share. Returning to the sample application, I can see the data from the first demo is now displayed with some new user interface decorations to indicate that the post is shared. Observe CloudSharingView in the context of updating permissions. Select Private Database. Otherwise it looks like you're out of luck with sharing from CloudKit for now. Learn to share data between CoreData and CloudKit in a SwiftUI app. New in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations(from:into:completion:). that controls who can access these zones that I own. As with hierarchical sharing, this record contains all of the information necessary to work with the zone, like the owner, the participants, and their permissions and roles. Last, head to the CloudKit Console so you can verify your data. This new checkbox tells NSPersistentCloudKitContainer that the value for this attribute should be stored in the encryptedValues payload of the resulting CKRecord. Every app automatically gets a default CKContainer, and a group of apps can share a custom CKContainer if permission settings allow. At the top right is the edit button, which presents a modal to edit your destinations caption and description. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote, to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate. A participant is any other iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. Streaming is available in most browsers, and in the WWDC app. So I'll change the share options to mark the share as View Only. But first, a quick discussion of CloudKit Errors. Let's get started with sharing. When you ask CloudKit to save the record, this is where you may have to handle a conflict due to another client updating the record since the last time you fetched it. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. Before an app can take advantage of CloudKit sharing, the CKSharingSupported key needs to be added to the project Info.plist file with a Boolean value of true. here, the shared store for my application. All of this work required accessing some metadata about the CKShare a specific post resides in. The owner is the iCloud account that actually owns an object. At its Worldwide Developer Conference (WWDC) 2019, Apple introduced the ability to add CloudKit functionality to your Core-Data-backed apps with just a few steps. We call them the owner and the participants. At the top of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created from Xcode earlier. create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. we need to identify two crucial concepts for sharing. CloudKit operations provide superior control over the details of how CloudKit does its work and, perhaps more importantly, really force the developer to think carefully about network behaviors central to everything CloudKit does. more complicated code than if I chose not to support sharing. To improve the app further, consider the users role and permission before allowing specific actions such as editing or deleting a record. The convenience API is much more accessible, while the operation approach can be a bit intimidating. Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, and there's a specific property on the post entity, I can see its configuration in the data model inspector, to be an optional Transformable attribute. Once youve completed that task, set showShareSheet, which presents CloudSharingView, to true. CloudKit sharing allows records stored within a private CloudKit database to be shared with other app users at the discretion of the record owner. For example purposes, I included a basic sanity check to make sure I am updating the correct record, and then update the fields and notify the delegate that we have new data. Last, open HomeView.swift and look for the swipeActions modifier. Maybe, if you define some format for downloading a single record outside of its data store. Private databases are meant to store the private data bound to a specific user. to store objects in a specific shared zone. Enter a topic above and jump straight to the good stuff. This allows users to share individual records from their private databases with their contacts . Before CloudKit, inconsistent behavior and weak debugging tools made it almost impossible to deliver a top quality product using the first generation iCloud APIs. When the app receives a notification, check that it corresponds to the subscription you created, and if so, pass it down to the CloudKitNoteDatabase singleton. Participants can have different roles and permissions that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects, which brings us to the second key concept: how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and CloudKit structure these shared objects. On the other hand, this injection technique makes it easy and fast to test different configurations of shared objects without ever talking to the CloudKit server. The first step does a one-time setup in preparation for writing the record, and the second step passes the assembled record down to the singleton CloudKitNoteDatabase class. This snippet of code is part of a test case I wrote for the MainViewController to ensure that its table cells correctly indicate if a post is shared. The final step is to add the Background Modes capability and enable Remote Notifications. You can download the completed project files by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of the tutorial. The simple act of writing a record to the database is straightforward enough, but in my example, with multiple clients, this is where youll face the potential issue of handling a conflict when multiple clients attempt to write to the server concurrently. It is also possible to serialize CKRecords directly to and from local storage. to display more information in my user interface. First, we'll discuss what sharing means with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer and how that affects the types of experiences you can build. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Thus, your AppDelegate should call application.registerForRemoteNotifications in didFinishLaunchingWithOptions and implement didReceiveRemoteNotification. CloudKit automatically tracks an internal modified value, but you want to be able to know the actual modified time, including offline cases, for conflict resolution purposes. I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"-- and tap Done. How did StorageTek STC 4305 use backing HDDs? Subscriptions are one of the most valuable CloudKit features. Next, we'll take a deep dive into the mechanics of sharing. If I tap on it, I can also see the participants displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. How might we build an experience like this? It has a wide variety of actions I can take, including a number of ways to share. The answer is, "Not much." I've configured it to be an optional Transformable attribute and checked this new Allows Cloud Encryption checkbox. Now, I could go through this implementation line by line, but that's not what's important here. Then, it sets the persistent store based on the scope. Tap the shared object to go to the detail screen. If necessary, you then pass the updated server record to CloudKit to write the new record. Finally, I invoke UICloudSharingController's completion block with the results provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, which tells it I'm ready to continue the sharing flow. On Mary's device, I'll open Mail and tap the link inside the email I sent, which opens up my application. It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. fetchShares(matching objectIDs:) is new in iOS 15. and allows me to get the CKShare for a specific post. Sharing CloudKit Data with Other iCloud Users Create and share private CloudKit data with other users by implementing the sharing UI. In fact, in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs. So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's initializeSchema method to ensure that all your fields are present and correctly typed before deploying your schema to production. I can see my new album with the photo I shared. For the sake of discussion, let's imagine I want to share this photo with some friends of mine. But you can also tell share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:) to store objects in a specific shared zone by passing it a non-nil CKShare. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly, we need to identify two crucial concepts for sharing. CloudSharingView conforms to the protocol UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps the UIKit UICloudSharingController so you can use it in SwiftUI. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Theres one minor bug with your app at the moment. 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