He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. Litzi lived in Paris before returning to London for the duration of the war; she ultimately settled in East Germany. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. Rate this book. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. In a way hes always just been my father. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. In 1946, Philby arranged a divorce from Litzi. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. He was publicly exonerated in 1955, after which he resumed his career as both a journalist and a spy for SIS in Beirut, Lebanon. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. During the summer of 1945, a Soviet cipher clerk had reused a one-time pad to transmit intelligence traffic. Jun 27, 2019. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963.
He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. He barely embraced his wife. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. The KGB would stamp the documents "top secret" and begin their circulation. He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. Given all that Melinda had gone through, the pity she had had to accept and the dissembling she had had to practise, that first meeting overseen by Soviet officials was a strained affair. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. Because hed told her from the very start. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. How? "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. [86][pageneeded]. [6] Following in the footsteps of his father, Philby continued to Westminster School, which he left in 1928 at the age of 16. And in 1951, as his spying activities unravelled and his Soviet masters told him to defect, she agreed the best course of action was for him to be ex-filtrated rather than try to brazen out the accusations of treachery that were soon to be levelled at him. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. But he also did it to impress her. He needed a secret sharer in his life as well as someone to admire him. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. It was a miracle. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. Philby snr was the senior officer of Britain's Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) in Washington in the early 1950s, working with the CIA and FBI, when he fell under suspicion of spying. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. [5] He won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied history and economics. Volkov had insisted that all written communications about him take place by bag rather than by telegraph, causing a delay in reaction that might plausibly have given the Soviets time to uncover his plans. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. They met each other socially but soon fell out. They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. Chicago-born Melinda, whom he married in France in 1940, knew all along that Donald was a spy. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. The "affair of the missing diplomats," as it was referred to before Burgess and Maclean surfaced in Moscow,[54] attracted a great deal of public attention, and Burgess's disappearance, which identified him as complicit in Maclean's espionage, deeply compromised Philby's position. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. In 1955, a botched investigation formally cleared him of spying for the Soviets but, shortly before being reinterviewed by British intelligence in 1963, Philby snr defected to Moscow. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . He was an agent-in-place or a penetration agent or a mole if you wish of the KGB/NKVD. 4 Comments. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. 'in Russian", "The Cambridge Spies' West Hampstead connection", "Kim Philby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files", "Spies Philby's widow tells of an Englishman's life in exile", "Moscow square named after notorious British double agent Kim Philby", "A Cold War Mystery: Was the Soviet Mole Kim Philby a Double Agent or a Triple Agent? "Kim said to me, 'I came here totally fully of information, I wanted to give everything I had but no one was interested," explained Pukhova. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. Philby had other less damaging routines: a cup of Russian tea at 7am and English tea with milk at 5pm, drunk from a fine porcelain cup. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. Maclean bequeathed Blake his library of books, including Trollope, Macaulay's History of England, Morley's Life of Gladstone, and the Macmillan and Eden memoirs. His wife Eleanor joined him in Moscow, and the Philbys and the Macleans spent a lot of time together, going to the ballet or just having dinner and playing bridge. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. by Ian Allen And here she was plunked down in my midst! It is possible that it was a Viennese-born friend of Friedmann's in London, Edith Tudor Hart herself, at this time, a Soviet agent who first approached Philby about the possibility of working for Soviet intelligence. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. A plaque in his honour was unveiled by the head of the foreign intelligence service at its headquarters in Moscow in December. Alamy. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. The comments below have not been moderated, By
My God, how I despise you now. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Philby was of course not a double spy or a double agent. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". He was very good when he was around. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. She was an object of both pity and fascination, and to get away from it all, she moved from their house on the Kent-Surrey border to Switzerland, with her mother. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. For the Soviets, Philby was an invaluable asset, ensuring the correct use of idiomatic and diplomatic English phrases in their disinformation efforts. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. The two men said very little and the interview lasted barely five minutes. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. Donald is well and happy to be with his family again. He testified before the Dies Committee (later to become the House Un-American Activities Committee) regarding Soviet espionage within the US. But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. 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