Drugs.com provides accurate and independent information on more than 24,000 prescription drugs, over-the-counter medicines and natural products. [22][154][156] In humans, phenethylamine is produced directly from L-phenylalanine by the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) enzyme, which converts L-DOPA into dopamine as well. Copyright 1996-2023 Cerner Multum, Inc. [sources 3], At normal therapeutic doses, the most common psychological side effects of amphetamine include increased alertness, apprehension, concentration, initiative, self-confidence and sociability, mood swings (elated mood followed by mildly depressed mood), insomnia or wakefulness, and decreased sense of fatigue. Dextroamphetamine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant . Mallinckrodt Inc. manufactures, markets and/or distributes more than 30 drugs in the U.S. . Dextroamphetamine Sulfate 10 mg Capsule Bottle 100 Capsules CII DEXTROAMPHETAMINE ER, CAP 10MG(100/BT) CII. Some medicines can interact with dextroamphetamine and cause a serious condition called serotonin syndrome. Drug Shortages can occur for many reasons, including manufacturing and quality problems, delays, and discontinuations. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose. Aurobindo refuses to provide updated availability information. Dextroamphetamine sulfate is the dextro isomer of the compound d,l-amphetamine sulfate, a sympathomimetic amine of the amphetamine group. [118] There was low- to moderate-strength evidence of no benefit for most of the other medications used in RCTs, which included antidepressants (bupropion, mirtazapine, sertraline), antipsychotics (aripiprazole), anticonvulsants (topiramate, baclofen, gabapentin), naltrexone, varenicline, citicoline, ondansetron, prometa, riluzole, atomoxetine, dextroamphetamine, and modafinil. Back to Drug Shortage Product Bulletins. Be sure your doctor knows if you also take opioid medicine, herbal products, or medicine for depression, mental illness, Parkinson's disease, migraine headaches, serious infections, or prevention of nausea and vomiting. Dextroamphetamine is sometimes prescribed as the inactive prodrug lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, which is converted into dextroamphetamine after absorption. PSUSA/00000986/202109", "Dexedrine, ProCentra(dextroamphetamine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more", "Adderall- dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, and amphetamine sulfate tablet", "A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes", "dextrostat (dextroamphetamine sulfate) tablet [Shire US Inc.]", "Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism", Table 5: N-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO, "Amphetamine, past and present a pharmacological and clinical perspective", "The emerging role of trace amine-associated receptor 1 in the functional regulation of monoamine transporters and dopaminergic activity", "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse", "Abuse of amphetamines and structural abnormalities in the brain", "Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of inhibition and attention in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: exploring task-specific, stimulant medication, and age effects", "Effect of psychostimulants on brain structure and function in ADHD: a qualitative literature review of magnetic resonance imaging-based neuroimaging studies", "Meta-analysis of structural MRI studies in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder indicates treatment effects", "Effect of treatment modality on long-term outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review", Figure 3: Treatment benefit by treatment type and outcome group, "Cognitive enhancers for the treatment of ADHD", "The long-term outcomes of interventions for the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials", "Stimulants for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder", "Amphetamines for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults", "Pharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with comorbid tic disorders", "The Cognition-Enhancing Effects of Psychostimulants Involve Direct Action in the Prefrontal Cortex", "Prescription Stimulants' Effects on Healthy Inhibitory Control, Working Memory, and Episodic Memory: A Meta-analysis", "Efficacy of stimulants for cognitive enhancement in non-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder youth: a systematic review", "Psychostimulants and cognition: a continuum of behavioral and cognitive activation", "Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration", "Pharmacological interventions for adolescents and adults with ADHD: stimulant and nonstimulant medications and misuse of prescription stimulants", "National Study of Substance Use Trends Among NCAA College Student-Athletes", "Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)", "Executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and timing deficits", "Is it time to turn our attention toward central mechanisms for post-exertional recovery strategies and performance? [178][179][180][181] The Tarnak Farm incident was linked by media reports to the use of this drug on long term fatigued pilots. Zydus discontinued all amphetamine immediate-release mixed salts. Dextroamphetamine is considered to have a high potential for misuse in a recreational manner since individuals typically report feeling euphoric, more alert, and more energetic after taking the drug. Text. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. [67] Symptoms of a moderate and extremely large overdose are listed below; fatal amphetamine poisoning usually also involves convulsions and coma. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [33][42] A systematic review from 2014 found that low doses of amphetamine also improve memory consolidation, in turn leading to improved recall of information. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jun 30, 2022. The Drug Control Program and the Board of . Tell your doctor if you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse. [106], As of December 2019,[update] there is no effective pharmacotherapy for amphetamine addiction. It was not widely marketed until 1932, when the pharmaceutical company Smith, Kline & French (now known as GlaxoSmithKline) introduced it in the form of the Benzedrine inhaler for use as a bronchodilator. Medications listed here may also be marketed under different names in different countries. [61], Amphetamine has also been shown to produce a conditioned place preference in humans taking therapeutic doses,[39][83] meaning that individuals acquire a preference for spending time in places where they have previously used amphetamine. Call your doctor at once if you have: signs of heart problems--chest pain, trouble breathing, feeling like you might pass out; signs of psychosis--hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real), new behavior problems, aggression, hostility, paranoia; signs of circulation problems--numbness, pain, cold feeling, unexplained wounds, or skin color changes (pale, red, or blue appearance) in your fingers or toes; Seek medical attention right away if you have symptoms of serotonin syndrome, such as: agitation, hallucinations, fever, sweating, shivering, fast heart rate, muscle stiffness, twitching, loss of coordination, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Olesen . These symptoms may be followed by depression and tiredness. dextroamphetamine Generic Drug class: CNS stimulants 244 reviews: 8.2 / 10: . Common side effects of dextroamphetamine may include: dry mouth, upset stomach, loss of appetite, weight loss; This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. [102][103] Exercise therapy improves clinical treatment outcomes and may be used as an adjunct therapy with behavioral therapies for addiction. [33][46][47] Stimulants such as amphetamine can improve performance on difficult and boring tasks and are used by some students as a study and test-taking aid. [203], Dextroamphetamine is the active metabolite of the prodrug lisdexamfetamine (L-lysine-dextroamphetamine), available by the brand name Vyvanse (Elvanse in the European market) (Venvanse in the Brazil market) (lisdexamfetamine dimesylate). [151][153] Dextroamphetamine is a more potent agonist of TAAR1 than levoamphetamine. Mallinckrodt Inc.675 James S. McDonnell Blvd,
McKesson Shop Products Shop by Category; Manufacturer Diversity . If you want to request a wider IP range, first request access for your current IP, and then use the "Site Feedback" button found in the lower left-hand side to make the request. [132][133] There is no evidence that amphetamine is directly neurotoxic in humans. The structural formula is as follows: (C 9 H 13 N) 2 Amphetamine mixed salts immediate release tablet, Mallinckrodt, 30 mg, bottle, 100 count, NDC 00406-8894-01. [97][98] Individuals who frequently self-administer high doses of amphetamine have a high risk of developing an amphetamine addiction, since chronic use at high doses gradually increases the level of accumbal FosB, a "molecular switch" and "master control protein" for addiction. MAO inhibitors include isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline, tranylcypromine, and others. Previous IR tablets sold under the brand names Dexedrine and Dextrostat have been discontinued but in 2015, IR tablets became available by the brand name Zenzedi, offered as 2.5mg, 5mg, 7.5mg, 10mg, 15mg, 20mg and 30mg tablets. [12] Following oral administration, amphetamine appears in urine within 3hours. Prescribers and pharmacists have asked whether Adderall, a Schedule II amphetamine product, may be dispensed in a sixty day supply. Dextroamphetamine may cause serious side effects. Plan cuts $1.3 billion in debt. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. [139][140] Zinc supplementation may reduce the minimum effective dose of amphetamine when it is used for the treatment of ADHD. In October 2010, GlaxoSmithKline sold the rights for Dexedrine Spansule to Amedra Pharmaceuticals (a subsidiary of CorePharma). [54][55] In healthy people at oral therapeutic doses, amphetamine has been shown to increase muscle strength, acceleration, athletic performance in anaerobic conditions, and endurance (i.e., it delays the onset of fatigue), while improving reaction time. [3][20] It is also used as an athletic performance and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. Do not use dextroamphetamine if you have used an MAO inhibitor in the past 14 days. [66][61][67] It is also contraindicated in individuals with advanced arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), glaucoma (increased eye pressure), hyperthyroidism (excessive production of thyroid hormone), or moderate to severe hypertension. Pharmaceutical dextroamphetamine sulfate is available as both a brand name and generic drug in a variety of dosage forms. [29][31] One review highlighted a nine-month randomized controlled trial of amphetamine treatment for ADHD in children that found an average increase of 4.5IQ points, continued increases in attention, and continued decreases in disruptive behaviors and hyperactivity. [127] Amphetamine withdrawal symptoms can include anxiety, drug craving, depressed mood, fatigue, increased appetite, increased movement or decreased movement, lack of motivation, sleeplessness or sleepiness, and lucid dreams. [85][100][110] Sufficiently overexpressing JunD in the nucleus accumbens with viral vectors can completely block many of the neural and behavioral alterations seen in chronic drug abuse (i.e., the alterations mediated by FosB). This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. [64] Chronic overuse of dextroamphetamine can lead to severe drug dependence, resulting in withdrawal symptoms when drug use stops. 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