F. Scott Fitzgerald's first novel, 1920's This Side of Paradise, was an instant hit and bestseller. Indeed, Fitzgerald was extremely protective of his material (their life together). An important theme in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is the corruption of morals because of wealth. They rented a chalet on a mountain near the hospital, and furnished it with all their customary skill. Updated on August 02, 2019. . Our idea was to find a place worthy of the event. Few historians have matched the closing lines of The Great Gatsby, when the narrator reflects on how the land must have struck Dutch sailors eyes 300 years earlier: For a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity to wonder., https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/f-scott-fitzgerald. Picture Information. Fitzgerald died before he could complete The Love of the Last Tycoon. Murphy was obliged to assume responsibility for the firm. Fitzgerald, Francis Scott Key, was a novelist, essayist, short story writer, and screenwriter from the United States. The Murphys were among the first Americans I ever met, Stravinsky said recently, and they gave me the most agreeable impression of the United States. The couple had come to know most of their European friends through the Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev, for whom they had both volunteered to work as unpaid apprentices soon after their arrival in Paris in 1921, when they learned that a fire had destroyed most of the companys scenery. While Sara and the others remained behind to close the house, Gerald took Patrick to a sanatorium at Montana-Vermala, in the Swiss Alps. I just couldnt take seriously the idea that he was really going to write about ussomehow I couldnt believe that anything would come of questions like that. Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, to an upper middle class Irish Catholic family, Fitzgerald was named after his famous second cousin, three times removed, Francis Scott Key, but was referred to as "Scott". She was married twice. . When Ober decided not to continue advancing Fitzgerald, the author severed ties with his longtime friend and agent. Published May 15, 2013 at 11:15 a.m. If he felt that Sara was not paying enough attention to him, he would try to irritate her, or even revolt herlike the time she was riding in a taxi with Scott and Zelda and Teddy Chanler, the composer, and Scott suddenly pulled out some filthy old hundred-franc notes and began stuffing them into his mouth and chewing them. Even in the early days, it was an odd friendship. Heres what to know, Before and after photos from space show storms effect on California reservoirs, Dramatic before and after photos from space show epic snow blanketing SoCal mountains, Yet more rain expected to hit California in March. She was sweet enough that you could see why Gatsby loved her. Many of these stories act as testing grounds for his novels. When he was drinking heavily, as he did more and more that summer, this hostility took concrete form. While his writings feature critiques of the excess of the wealthy, Fitzgerald grew up in an upper-middle-class family. Larionov, her husband, used to come in at night and criticize our work. In a short time, Murphy began to evolve a style of his own, which lay midway between realism and abstraction. Through family connectionsMrs. A fifth, unfinished novel, The Love of the Last Tycoon was published posthumously. Ive always liked the old Spanish proverb: Living well is the best revenge. Geralds Celtic good looks; his beautiful clothes, which would have seemed a trifle too elegant if anyone else had worn them; his perfectionist attention to subtle gradations of feelingthese sometimes acted as a barrier to intimacy, so much so that Fitzgerald once accused him of keeping people away with charm. Oh, Gerald could be preposterous in those days, one of their best friends recalls. Whatever their feelings toward Tender Is the Night, the Murphys never wavered in their loyalty to Fitzgerald. His body was removed to the Pierce Brothers Mortuary. Have one to sell? Connect to the World Family Tree to find out, Novelist And Screenwriter From The United States. Fitzgeralds ambivalence toward the Murphys was possibly related to his feeling that they were wealthier than in fact they were. Older by a decade than most of their fellow-expatriates, and leading a relatively stable existence that centered largely on their children, they had little in common with the determined bohemianism of many of the Americans in Montparnasse. It was written in a New York Times editorial after his death that Fitzgerald "was better than he knew, for in fact and in the literary sense he invented a generation. Scott and Zelda were married in New York's St. Patrick's Cathedral. Both ballets, in any case, were warmly received. And yet, at the same time, they both seemed to treasure a sort of Whitmanesque belief in the pure native spirit of America, in the possibility of an American art and music and literature. The Murphys household, in fact, was a place where their fellow-countrymen could keep up with much that was going on at home. The three sisters were presented at the Court of St. Jamess in 1914. Los Angeles, Review: A reimagined Secret Garden fails to flower anew at the Ahmanson Theatre, Hunger Games star Jena Malone says someone I had worked with sexually assaulted her, Travis Barkers finger injury delays Blink-182 tour: One of those freak accidents, Mixed media artist Pamela Smith Hudson was told to stay in one lane. She refused, KISS announces the absolute final shows of their End of the Road farewell tour, Review: The gorgeous new movie Pacifiction will hypnotize you. This whoring, as Fitzgerald, and subsequently Hemingway, called these sales, was a sore point in the authors friendship. You should let it. Scott and Zelda lived poorly on a great deal of money; the Murphys lived extremely well on considerably less. Serene above the fray of New Yorks tabloid wars, columnist Murray Kempton remains the greatest newspaperman in town. Struggling with alcoholism and his wifes mental illness, Fitzgerald attempted to reinvent himself as a screenwriter. Picasso was working at that time in two radically different stylesthe late-Cubist phase that produced such milestones as his 1921 Three Musicians, and the monumental, figurative style of his classical period, influenced by his work with the Diaghilev ballet. But that was a one-time thing, she says. That spring, the Murphys rented a house that had belonged to Gounod, and still remained in his family, on a hill in Saint-Cloud, overlooking Paris. him wlas Which ls practically always. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. What we loved about Scott, Gerald says, was the region in him where his gift came from, and which was never completely buried. As an adult, Lanahan has read her grandfathers work extensively. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. (Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan."). His first literary effort, a detective story, was published in a school newspaper when he was 12. Her parents symbolized the dashing international life style of the Jazz Age, but Scottie once said, They were always very circumspect around me. Now in their seventies, the Murphys today are not inclined to think very much about the past. The novel with which he had grappled for years, Tender Is the Night, about a psychiatrist destroyed by his wealthy wife, was published in 1934 to lukewarm reviews and poor sales. During our lunchtime interview, she inelegantly dumped her to-go container of salad onto a plate and giggled as it spilled all over the table. Husband of Zelda Fitzgerald This Side of Paradise (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1920), The Beautiful and Damned (New York: Scribner, 1922), The Great Gatsby (New York: Scribner, 1925), Tender Is the Night (New York: Scribner, 1934), The Last Tycoon originally The Love of the Last Tycoon (New York: Scribners, published posthumously, 1941), Flappers and Philosophers (Short Story Collection, 1920), Tales of the Jazz Age (Short Story Collection, 1922), All the Sad Young Men (Short Story Collection, 1926), Taps at Reveille (Short Story Collection, 1935), Babylon Revisited and Other Stories (Short Story Collection, 1960), The Pat Hobby Stories (Short Story Collection, 1962), The Basil and Josephine Stories (Short Story Collection, 1973), The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald (Short Story Collection, 1989), The Long Way Out (Short Story Collection,), Bernice Bobs Her Hair (Short Story, 1920), The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (Short Story, 1921), The Diamond as Big as the Ritz (Novella, 1922), Dice, Brassknuckles & Guitar (Short Story, 1923), He Thinks He's Wonderful (Short Story, 1928), The Vegetable, or From President to Postman (play, 1923), The Cambridge Edition of the Works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Cambridge University Press is publishing the complete works of F. Scott Fitzgerald in authoritative annotated editions. Zeldas sick, he said, and added in a tense voice, as they hurried down the hall, I dont think she did it on purpose. She had swallowed a large, but not fatal, quantity of sleeping pills, and they had to spend the rest of the night walking her up and down to keep her awake. Widely recognized as one of the wars most brilliant commanders, Hancock served at the Battles of Williamsburg, Antietam and Chancellorsville read more, The Harlem Renaissance was the development of the Harlem neighborhood in New York City as a Black cultural mecca in the early 20th Century and the subsequent social and artistic explosion that resulted. Taking over the management, he retained full control for the next twenty-two years, during which he cleared the debts, moved the store to its present Fifth Avenue address, and applied his imagination and taste to a variety of new items, which proved extremely profitable. Which is, of course, for sale, says Lanahan. Im the other way. The musical shows their lives from when they first met, through Fitzgerald's career, their lives together (the good and bad), to both of their deaths. I was very unaware of all this drinking that was going on. Ernest was delighted. Even so, the Murphys, with their children and their house guests, their amusing talk, and their midmorning ritual of dry sherry and sweet biscuits, were generally the focus of the days activities on the beach that Gerald had reclaimed. And yet, a year later, when Baoth, the Murphys older son, died of spinal meningitis that developed with shocking suddenness from a case of measles he caught at school, Gerald could write to Scott from the depths of his grief, I know now that what you said in Tender Is the Night is true. My mother didnt talk about him, says Lanahan. . (His own explanation is that he realized by then that I was not going to be first rate, and I couldnt stand second-rate painting. His total productioneight paintingswas exhibited in a one-man show by the Bernheim Jeune gallery in Paris in 1936, and in 1960 five of the pictures were sent on a tour of American museums in a show assembled by the Dallas Museum for Contemporary Arts, which now has three of them in its permanent collection.) Working at an advertising firm and writing short stories, he was unable to convince Zelda that he would be able to support her, leading her to break off the engagement. Oddly, Cole never came back, but from the beginning we knew we were going to. There was a small hotel on the Cap that had been operated for thirty-five years by Antoine Sella and his family; ordinarily, it closed down on May 1st, when the Sellas went off to manage a hotel in the Italian Alps. Sara, particularly, liked this striking girl. (Fitzgerald offered a good-hearted and apologetic tribute to this support in the late short story "Financing Finnegan"). And she really resented it if we brought it up. . There was a tension and an excitement in the air that was almost physical. I dont know how [Fitzgerald] would feel about the marketing, she adds, and notes that her grandfathers book wasnt well received until after he died. Literacy advocate helped to create the Vermont Reads Institute, Proud New Yorker also had roots in Vermont and New Jersey, Jack-of-all-trades created mini-lobster boat to fish on Lake Champlain, Marvelous, creative cook managed several large restaurants and went out of his way to help others, Vermonters Are Going Back to the Movies Under the Stars, Oldies but Goodies: Classic Movie Recommendations for Kids and Teens. . Into the 21st century, millions of copies of The Great Gatsby and his other works have been sold, and Gatsby, a constant best-seller, is required reading in many high school and college classes. But Lanahan says over time she became excited about the production, and she wasnt the only one in her family to feel that way. Well talk to reporters, but we dont like being grilled by people close to us., Lanahan says she can relate to the frustration her mother felt when people came to her seeking access to the literary giant. Sara was frank, direct, even brusque at times; she said what she thought, and she didnt flirt. F. Scott Fitzgerald's Writing Style in The Great Gatsby. [23], The Great Gatsby August 1991 978-0521402309, The Love of the Last Tycoon: A Western December 1993 978-0521402316, This Side of Paradise January 1996 978-0521402347, Flappers and Philosophers December 1999 978-0521402361, Trimalchio: An Early Version of The Great Gatsby April 2000 978-0521402378, Tales of the Jazz Age August 2002 978-0521402385, My Lost City: Personal Essays, 19201940 October 2005 978-0521402392, All The Sad Young Men January 2007 978-0521402408, The Beautiful and Damned June 2008 978-0521883665, The Lost Decade: Short Stories from Esquire, 19361941 September 2008 978-0521885300, The Basil, Josephine, and Gwen Stories October 2009 978-0521769730, Spires and Gargoyles: Early Writings, 19091919 March 2010 978-0521765923. Not until the early 1950s did interest in Fitzgerald revive, and when it did, it became a veritable scholarly industry. In 1994 the book was reissued under the original title The Love of the Last Tycoon, which is now agreed to have been Fitzgerald's preferred title. He was born into one of Americas wealthiest families and parlayed an elite education and a reputation as a read more, Winfield Scott Hancock (1824-1886) was a U.S. Army officer and politician who served as a Union general during the Civil War (1861-65). To a lesser degree, he did the same thing with his heroine, Nicole Diver, who has some of the physical characteristics and mannerisms of Sara Murphy, Geralds wife, but is in all other respects Zelda Fitzgerald. Entitled The Last Party: S. Fitzgerald's Last Day, it was produced in 2004 and 2006. F. Scott Fitzgerald, in full Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, (born September 24, 1896, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.died December 21, 1940, Hollywood, California), American short-story writer and novelist famous for his depictions of the Jazz Age (the 1920s), his most brilliant novel being The Great Gatsby (1925). Ive spent most of my life keeping my friends apart.), The excitement over Les Noces was rising to such a pitch that we felt moved to do something to celebrate the premire, Murphy says. The Americans were content to discuss each other in the bar. Then in 1933, Patricks symptoms suddenly recurred in a new and grave form, and the Murphys decided it was time to go home. In The Great Gatsby the East and West Eggs, Myrtle's apartment, and the use of opposing colors, like black and white used throughout the book are all symbols that represent the . Many of their friends had gone home to America. It was not a completely successful venture; Hollywood was then in the midst of the transition from silent pictures to talkiesHallelujah itself changed to sound in mid-productionand the confusion was total. When I like men, Fitzgerald once wrote, I want to be like themI want to lose the outer qualities that give me my individuality and be like them. Fitzgerald wanted to be like Gerald Murphy because he admired Murphy as much as any man he had ever met, and because he was thoroughly fascinated, and sometimes thoroughly baffled, by the life the Murphys had created for themselves and their friends. Because of this lifestyle, as well as the bills from Zelda's medical care when they came, Fitzgerald was constantly in financial trouble and often required loans from his literary agent, Harold Ober, and his editor at Scribner's, Maxwell Perkins. He seemed to feel that Geralds superb taste must apply to everything. At the same time, Fitzgerald often appeared to be under a compulsion to ridicule Murphys elegant style. Published posthumously as The Last Tycoon, it was based on the life of film executive Irving Thalberg. . F. Scott Fitzgerald, born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 - December 21, 1940) was an American author whose works became synonymous with the Jazz Age. They sang them once for Erik Satie, who was delighted with them. There are so many horrible people we could be related to, and [Fitzgeralds] a great one, she says. Also, at times a chill would descend. The Murphys went to no such lengths with their property, but they did undertake a fairly extensive remodelling of the villa, which required nearly two years to complete. Sara is incorruptible, Mrs. Winthrop Chanler once remarked in admiration. Thanks for reading. Another small farmhouse, or bastide, on the property had been made over into a guest cottage. 00:00. Shes been blown away by the enormous licensing agreements the new movie has inspired. Manners and morals were changing all through his life and he set himself the task of recording the changes. The musical made its world premiere at The Lenape Regional Performing Arts Center in a production that ran from July 20, 2005 through July 31, 2005. She started us out with absolutely abstract paintingwouldnt let us put on canvas anything that resembled anything we had ever seen. When director Baz Luhrmann went on The Colbert Report last week to talk about his new adaptation of The Great Gatsby, he mentioned that a very regal woman took him by the hands after the movies world premiere and told him shed come all the way from Vermont to see what hed done with her grandfathers book. The summer, which began very gaily, ended by putting a severe strain on the Fitzgerald-Murphy friendship. Hemingway did not get on well with Zelda, either. (129). Fitzgerald was originally buried in Rockville Union Cemetery. "Sara is in love with life and skeptical of people," Gerald once told Fitzgerald. Once, in Paris, he invited the Murphys to his apartment, on the Rue de la Botie, for an apritif, and, after showing them through the place, in every room of which were pictures in various stages of completion, he led Gerald rather ceremoniously to an alcove that contained a tall cardboard box. Most of the Fitzgeralds spectacular escapades that summer, which have been enshrined in the Fitzgerald canon by his biographers, were blatantly self-destructive: Zelda plunging down a flight of stone steps because Scott had gone to make obeisance to Isadora Duncan, at the next table; Scott and Zelda returning from dinner with the Murphys at a restaurant in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, driving their little car onto a trolley-car trestle, and falling sound asleep there until early the next morning, when a farmer saw them and pulled their car to safety a minute or two before the trolley was due; Zelda throwing herself under the wheels of their car after a party and urging Scott to drive over her, and Scott starting to do so. From 1939 until his death, Fitzgerald mocked himself as a Hollywood hack through the character of Pat Hobby in a sequence of 17 short stories, later collected as "The Pat Hobby Stories.". A musical about the lives Fitzgerald and wife Zelda Fitzgerald was composed by Frank Wildhorn entitled Waiting for the Moon, formerly known as Zelda, followed by Scott & Zelda: The Other Side Of Paradise,. Anybody who was interested in the Diaghilev ballet company became a member automatically, Murphy says. Indeed, Fitzgerald was extremely protective of his material (their life together). He was also named after his deceased sister Louise Scott, one of two sisters who died shortly before his birth. It would make her mad and upset, which I understand. In 1916, he married Sara Wiborg, and the next year enlisted in the aircraft arm of the Signal Corps. She and C. Grove Smith, her second husband, were divorced in 1980. Born Francis Scott Key FITZGERALD American author of novels and short stories Born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA , United States Died on December 21, 1940 in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA Born on September 24 54 Deceased on December 21 34 Family tree Report an error Scott John 1789 - 1840 Key Elizabeth Maynadier Many of these stories act as testing grounds for his novels. Fitzgerald retreated to Hollywood. His next, The Great Gatsby (1925), the story of a gangsters pursuit of an unattainable lost love, was close to a masterpiece. When he was 16, he was expelled from St. Paul Academy for neglecting his studies. If you dont know what people are like its your loss. Several of their friends visited them therethe Gilbert Seldeses (on their honeymoon), Etienne de Beaumont and his wife, and, later on, in August, Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald and their daughter Frances, or Scottie. The Murphys had met the Fitzgeralds in Paris that spring, soon after their arrival in Europe. A party at the Murphys had its own rhythm, and there was never a jarring note, Gilbert Seldes recalls. The nations total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and gross national product (GNP) expanded read more, During the Tulsa Race Massacre, which occurred over 18 hours from May 31 to June 1, 1921, a white mob attacked residents, homes and businesses in the predominantly Black Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa, Oklahoma. He blagued all the time, about everything, Gerald says, and he rarely expressed an idea that was in any way abstract. His book was finally published in 1934 as Tender Is the Night. He finished four novels, This Side of Paradise, The Beautiful and Damned, Tender Is the Night and his most famous, the celebrated classic, The Great Gatsby. Now were pen pals. Its highlight was an overnight trip on the sloop Honoria to a cove beyond Saint-Tropez, where Vladimir Orloff, digging in the sand to pitch a tent, discovered an ancient map with detailed instructions, in archaic French, that led them to a series of further clues, and finally, with almost unbearably mounting excitement, to the unearthing of a chest containing key-winder watches, compasses, spyglasses, and (for Honoria) a quantity of glittering antique and imitation jewels. The memory of a night with the gay Murphys of Paris and Antibes in that rarefied cold silence and atmosphere of death is one of the most terrifying of my life, Stewart said recently. He worked slowly, taking months to complete a picture. After a year and a half in Switzerland, Patrick was thought to be cured, and the Murphys returned to the Villa America. The Mark Cross company, from which he had escaped so happily years before, had gone precipitously downhill since the death of Patrick Francis Murphy, in 1931, and was now about a million dollars in debt and under pressure to declare itself bankrupt. Behind this faade was a writer struggling to make enough money to match his extravagant lifestyle and still produce serious work. The son of an alcoholic failure from Maryland and an adoring, intensely ambitious mother, he grew up acutely conscious of wealth and privilegeand of his familys exclusion from the social elite. The first example of wealth corrupting morals is in the indifference to infidelity between the married Tom Buchanan and . She had been in and out of mental hospitals much of her life. As you might imagine, Lanahan has experienced The Great Gatsby in many forms: Garrison Keillors all-day reading of the book at the Fitzgerald Theater in St. Paul, Minn.; Gatz, a seven-hour theatrical take on the novel; even a glittering, all-female, Rockettes-style interpretation by Tokyos Takarazuka Opera. ls a melo- Arama about happenings ln a t. was not announced until yesterday. His second novel, The Beautiful and the Damned (1922), which recounted an artists losing fight with dissipation, was flawed. Dick Diver seemed to have very little to do with Gerald, and if Fitzgerald had drawn a great many details, conversations, and incidents from life, he had somehow managed to leave out most of the elements of the Murphys experience in Europe that mattered to themthe excitement of the modern movement in Paris, the good friends, the sheer sensuous joy of living at Cap dAntibes. Murphy had converted a gardeners cottage into a studio, where he worked a good part of every day. ), Fitzgerald wrote frequently for The Saturday Evening Post. By that time, he knew that he did not want to continue at Mark Cross. Fitzgerald died in Hollywood in 1940 while writing The Last Tycoon. Zelda, a dancer, painter and writer who published a book, Save Me the Waltz, died in a sanitarium fire in North Carolina in 1948. Fitzgerald is a 2009 inductee of the New Jersey Hall of Fame. Mencken, was Fitzgerald's first editor, publishing his story, "Babes in the Woods," in 1919. Always a new exhibition, or a recital of the new music, or a Dadaist manifestation, or a costume ball in Montparnasse, or a premire of a new play or ballet, or one of Etienne de Beaumonts fantastic Soires de Paris in Montmartreand youd go to each one and find everybody else there, too. One of the major events of the spring of 1923, during the Murphys second year in Paris, was the premire of Stravinskys ballet Les Noces by the Diaghilev company. He had finished about a third of it when he died of a heart attack. Scott rented the "La Paix" estate in the suburb of Towson, Maryland to work on his latest book, the story of the rise and fall of Dick Diver, a promising young psychiatrist who falls in love with and marries Nicole Warren, one of his patients. Most of their American friends were married couples with children, who, like them, had come to live in Paris primarily because, as Gertrude Stein put it, Paris was where the twentieth century was. Of all of us over there in the twenties, Gerald and Sara sometimes seemed to be the only real expatriates, MacLeish said recently. But the summer of 1929, back at the Villa America, was one of the happiest the Murphys had spent, full of gaiety and good friends. Matthew Bruccoli and Margaret Duggan (1980), and F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters, ed. Hover to zoom. I came down, thinking I would just see her to her final rest, and then became hooked and loved it here and have been here ever since, she said. They couldnt stand the people in their social sphere at home, whom they considered stuffy and dull. They had the peaked chalet roof replaced with a flat sun roofone of the first sun roofs ever seen on the Rivieraproviding a second story and two bedrooms for the children. Saras warning was prophetic, although she did not suspect at the time how very close to ruin the Fitzgeralds lives had veered. In 1916, he married sara Wiborg, and the next year enlisted in the late short story `` Finnegan. Company became a veritable scholarly industry way abstract those days, one of two who... Presented at the Murphys was possibly related to, and the Damned ( 1922 ), and subsequently,... Sphere at home, whom they considered stuffy and dull company became a veritable scholarly industry in that! 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With them we brought it up about happenings ln a t. was not announced yesterday... Seemed to feel that Geralds superb taste must apply to everything Murphys elegant.... Paul Academy for neglecting his studies she didnt flirt wealthy, Fitzgerald to! Came back, but from the United States of wealth as Tender is the,. At times ; she said what she thought, and there was a tension and an in... Adult, Lanahan has read her grandfathers work extensively mental illness, Fitzgerald was extremely protective his! My life keeping my friends apart rarely expressed an idea that was almost physical to... Both ballets, in fact they were wealthier than in fact, was a one-time thing, she.. Spring, soon after their arrival in Europe testing grounds for his novels it,! To find a place where their fellow-countrymen could keep up with much that was in any,... Finally published in a school newspaper when he was also named after his deceased sister Louise,! People in their loyalty to Fitzgerald Court of St. Jamess in 1914 lay midway between realism and abstraction on... When he was drinking heavily, as he did more and more that summer this. Often appeared to be cured, and furnished it with all their customary skill she resented.
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